And the Spirit & the bride say, come.... Reveaaltion 22:17

And the Spirit & the bride say, come.... Reveaaltion 22:17
And the Spirit & the bride say, come...Revelation 22:17 - May We One Day Bow Down In The DUST At HIS FEET ...... {click on blog TITLE at top to refresh page}---QUESTION: ...when the Son of man cometh, shall he find faith on the earth? LUKE 18:8

Monday, December 30, 2013

Best of 2013 (Year in Review)

25 Best Posts of 2013
1) Touched
2) 3 Views of "Hell" - Between the Pillars of the State of the Dead
3) Put Your Shoes On
4) Those 2 Defenders of the Word of GOD
5) Is God "homophobic"?
6) Parallel with Demoniac
7) 18th Dynasty of Egypt & Moses
8) Poll about satan
9) God is Love - Conflict of the Ages Series
10) Strange Fire
11) America Too
12) Idle Tales?
13) The Finger Print Blood Mark
14) 4 Faced Creatures
15) Islam Vs. Christianity / Compare & Contrast
16) Ships of Ethics
17) 2 Edged Sword of Waiting
18) The Prodigal Daughter (Lo-Ruhamah)
19) Sabbath Lesson from Pharaoh
20) Iamblichus & State of the Dead
20 Best CREATION MOMENTS of 2013
1) Hogwash!!!
2) Ant Algorithm - "anternet"
3) Talking Plants?
4) Bug Leg Gears
5) Space, Matter, Time Continuum
6) Divine Proportion (Fibonacci Number)
7) Utter Nonsense
8) Dinosaurs of the Ice
9) 4 Possibilities for Universe
10) IF Darwin was right -then....?
11) Why Creation is Important
12) Flower Map
13) PigTales
14) Broken Heart Syndrome
15) Evolutions dirty little secrets
16) Typing Monkeys - NOT
17) Pregnancy by Design
18) Existence of God is Obvious
19) Whale of a display
20) Immune System
20 Best News/Miscellaneous Posts of 2013
1) SDA Issues- Doug Batchelor on Women Ordination
2) SDA Issues - La Siera Firing
3) SCAM ALERT- Marcus Lamb -- Unbelievable-!!!
4) IN the NEWS - Isaiah 17 & Syria? Nah....
5) IN the NEWS - The book "Zealot": Who is Reza Aslan?
6) The "Really" File - ("What would Jesus brew?")
7) SDA Issues - David Larson & his 4 approaches
8) IN the NEWS - America shakes fist at God
9) IN the NEWS - The High Priest was WRONG
10) SDA Issues - The Source?
11) SDA News - Tragic SDA wreck
12) IN the NEWS - Delhi Gang Rape / Guilty Verdict
13) SCAM ALERT - L.A. Marzulli
14) New DVD: Revelation:The Bride,The Beast & Babylon...
15) Obamacare: A CHRISTIANs WAY OUT OF IT
16) IN the NEWS - Typhoon Haiyen update from a missionary
17) Great Controversy Book on Glenn Beck program
18) SDA Issues - The Old Landmarks of the Church
19) IN the NEWS - Man of the Year? Guess Who .......
20) IN the NEWS - Whack Friday
Best Christmas Post of 2013

Christmas in September / O Come Emanuel performed by the Piano Guys

http://master1844-dc.blogspot.com/2013/09/christmas-in-september-o-come-emanuel.html

Best "Series" of 2013
Jeroboam: 10 Lessons about Worship
Best Pic of 2013
(From Typhoon Haiyen in the Philippines)
There stood a man ....and prayed him, saying,
Come over ....and help us.
Acts 16:9

Creation moment 12/31/2013 - Kingsley - 1st Heretic of Creation

"This ecclesiastical hostility to an idea that blatantly opposed the Creation account in Genesis was not altogether unexpected by Darwin and his ‘managers’, Charles Lyell and Joseph Hooker. So they eagerly sought a prominent clergyman who knew something of science to promote their cause. They found one in the Rev. Charles Kingsley. Kingsley was an amateur naturalist who had been ordained as an Anglican curate in 1842, and two years later as a priest. He was a founding member of the Christian Socialist movement; he was becoming known as a writer of novels that promoted the cause of the poor, and even better known for his historical novels, e.g. Hypatia (1853) and Westward Ho (1855). In 1859, he was appointed Chaplain to Queen Victoria.

Darwin sent Kingsley a copy of the first edition of his Origin. Kingsley, in his letter of thanks, was
fulsome in his praise. ‘All I have seen of it awes me,’ he wrote, ‘both from the heap of facts and the prestige of your name, and also with the clear intuition, that if you be right, I must give up much that I have believed and written.’ This apparently posed no problem to him, for he went on to say that he was now free from the ‘superstition’ that God needed a fresh act of creation for each type of creature.
Darwin was so delighted at receiving this endorsement from an Anglican prelate that he hastily added part of Kingsley’s letter to the last chapter of the second edition of the Origin, published just two months later, as follows:
‘A celebrated author and divine has written to me that “he has gradually learnt to see that it is just as noble a conception of the Deity to believe that He created a few original forms capable of self-development into other and needful forms, as to believe that He required a fresh act of creation to supply the voids caused by the action of His laws.”’
 In 1863, Kingsley wrote The Water Babies, a curious children’s book in which there are various allusions to evolution, e.g. Tom (a human child who has become an amphibian with gills and now lives in the water) approaches Mother Carey, a synonym for Mother Nature, and says, ‘I heard, ma’am, that you were always busy making new beasts out of old.’ She replies, ‘I am not going to trouble myself to make things … I sit here and make them make themselves.’7 In another chapter, there is a tongue-in-cheek story about a race of men whose generations gradually change into apes. Kingsley has the fairy say: ‘Folks say now that I can make beasts into men, by circumstance, and selection, and competition, and so forth … if I can turn beasts into men, I can, by the same laws of circumstance, and selection, and competition, turn men into beasts.

In 1867, Kingsley publicly declared his belief that man was descended from apes and that the world was millions of years old,........It is not surprising that Kingsley’s rejection of the account of creation in Genesis and his acceptance of the theory of evolution in its place led him to espouse racist views. If people groups had evolved their various characteristics during long periods of isolation, one could now view some as being less evolved, and thus less human, than others. In a book of sermons, Kingsley wrote: ‘The Black People of Australia, exactly the same race as the African Negro, cannot take in the Gospel … All attempts to bring them to a knowledge of the true God have as yet failed utterly … Poor brutes in human shape … they must perish off the face of the earth like brute beasts.'

For his support of the Darwinists, Kingsley was elected a Fellow of the Geological Society in 1863, seconded by Charles Lyell. He was made Canon of Westminster Abbey in 1873 and, after his death in 1875, a marble bust was placed on a window sill there, a short distance from where Darwin was interred in 1882. How ironic that two men whose writings have helped undermine the Genesis foundation of the Christian faith are thus honoured in one of the most famous churches in the world!"
CMI

And hath made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth,
Acts 17:26

Sunday, December 29, 2013

Keep Digging in 2014

These were more noble than those in Thessalonica,
in that they received the word with all readiness of mind,
and searched the scriptures daily, whether those things were so.
Acts 17:11
"I have received a blessing in hearing from human lips the presentation of rich truth indited by the Holy Spirit of God, presenting the requirements of God,--

* a holy and perfect obedience;
* showing that complete satisfaction has been given the Father in His only begotten Son as a Lamb without blemish and without spot;
* and that through the merits and virtue of Christ's character,
* all who will believe in Him may become complete in Him.
   
The kingdom of heaven, in the sense of celestial truth, is like treasure hid in a field, the which when a man hath found he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth and selleth all that he hath and buyeth that field. He digs over every part of it that he may come into possession of its treasures.
So in searching the field and digging for the precious jewels of truth, hidden treasures are discerned.

Unexpectedly we find precious ore that is to be gathered and treasured. And the search is to be continued. Hitherto very much of the treasure found has lain near the surface, and was easily obtained."   Letter 65, 1886 E.G.W.

Seize the 4 parts of the Promise

 
1) He will turn again,
2) he will have compassion upon us;
3) he will subdue our iniquities; and
4) thou wilt cast all their sins into the depths of the sea.
Micah 7:19
 

What are the odds?

"At least 48 major Messianic prophecies can be identified in the Old Testament. Jesus of Nazareth fulfilled each one. Endeavoring to determine the odds of such a phenomenon, mathematician Peter Stoner isolated eight of these 48 prophecies. He then calculated the odds that any one person might have fulfilled them all.
Stoner determined those odds to be one in 10 to the 17th power (one followed by 17 zeroes). Visualize the number this way: take this number in silver dollars and lay them across the state of Texas. They will cover the entire state, two feet deep. Now mark one of those silver dollars. Blindfold a man and tell him he can travel as far as he likes, but he must pick up one silver dollar. What are the chances he will pick the one you marked? the same The same odds that the prophets would have had of writing those eight prophecies and having them all fulfilled in one person."
TheTruthAboutDaVinci.com
Then he said unto them, O fools,
and slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have spoken:
Ought not Christ to have suffered these things, and to enter into his glory?
And beginning at Moses and all the prophets,
he expounded unto them in all the scriptures the things concerning himself.
Luke 24:25-27

Creation Moment 12/30/2013 - Moon Water


 

"If the moon was formed over four billion years ago by some colossal impact as secularists assert, then it should be dry as a bone. The violent impact would have melted all the minerals and thus would have ejected any water from its magma. But this year researchers reported discovering water within the minerals of some moon rocks. Not only does this refute the molten moon narrative, but it supports Scripture’s recent and watery lunar origins." ICR



And the earth was without form, and void;
and darkness was upon the face of the deep.
And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
Genesis 1:2
 

Saturday, December 28, 2013

SDA Issues - Dumbing Down the Laity

Recently I've noticed online.....
One gentlemen in church leadership in America criticized learning the "mathematics" of the Sanctuary doctrine.
Another gentlemen in Europe, on his year-end blog, took a swipe at learning the "mathematics" of prophecy.
Very simple point here: If one does not understand the "mathematics" of the Sanctuary doctrine or Bible prophecy--then how can one tell others, explain to others, or know that what they "believe" is correct?
NEVER listen to anyone who criticizes what they refer to as the "mathematics" of the Sanctuary or Prophecies....They are DUMBING DOWN THE LAITY IN THE PEWS

Oh that I had in the wilderness
a lodging place of wayfaring men;
that I might leave my people, and go from them!
for they be all adulterers, an assembly of treacherous men.
And they bend their tongues like their bow for lies:
 but they are not valiant for the truth upon the earth;
Jeremiah 9:2,3
Oh well, the wheat & the tares are stuck together in this church
until HE separate's them with the shaking....

Health Note - Belly Fat & Dementia

"Belly fat in middle age can lead to problems with your mind later in life, according to a new study from Rush University Medical Center in Chicago.
Researchers found people who have high rates of belly fat are about three and a half times as likely to develop memory loss and dementia when they're older.
 They also found that people with more belly fat have a smaller amount of a key protein important for memory and learning in their bodies.
Scientists suggest losing weight could help you avoid memory problems as you get older." CBN
What? know ye not that your body is the temple of the Holy Ghost which is in you,
 which ye have of God,
and ye are not your own?
1 Corinthians 6:19
 
"People store most of their fat in two ways – one you can see and one you can't.
The fat you can see is just under the skin in the thighs, hips, buttocks, and abdomen. That's called subcutaneous (under the skin) fat.
 
The fat you can't see is deeper inside, around the vital organs (heart, lungs, digestive tract, liver, and so on) in the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. That's called "visceral" fat.

Many people are self-conscious about the fat they can see. But actually, it's the hidden fat -- the visceral fat -- that may be a bigger problem, even for thin people. 
 
But even if you're thin, you can still have too much visceral fat.
It's partly about your genes. Some people have a genetic tendency to store visceral fat.
It's also about physical activity. Visceral fat likes inactivity. A British study showed that thin people who maintain their weight through diet alone, skipping exercise, are more likely to have unhealthy levels of visceral fat.
 
So the message is get active, no matter what size you are." WebMD
 
 

Christmas in the Middle East



Christians in the Islamic world today are suffering attacks motivated by the very same diabolical

A Pakistani Christian holds a child as she takes part in a
candle-lit Christmas service at the
Cathedral Church in Lahore on December 22, 2013.
 Pakistan is overwhelmingly Muslim
animus as a thousand years ago under Hakim [Egyptian caliph who ordered the destruction of reportedly 30,000 churches in the 10th –11th century].  Proof of this is that some of the most terrible assaults occur precisely on Christian holidays—Christmas, Easter, and New Year’s Eve (which is a major church day in the Middle East). And no wonder, considering that some Muslim clerics insist that “saying Merry Christmas is worse than fornication . . . or killing someone.” TheBlaze

If the world hate you, ye know that it hated me before it hated you.
John 15:18 

Creation Moment 12/29/2013 - Unique Characterisitcs?

"The differences in the planets within our solar system have no easy explanation, and scientists are studying how planets are formed in hopes of better grasping the unique characteristics of our solar system." Space.comHere is the answer for the "unique characteristics" of our solar system - Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, Hebrews 11:3

Friday, December 27, 2013

Last Sabbath of 2013


 
Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them. And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made.
Genesis 2:1-3


But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work,...For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.
Exodus 20:10,11


And I saw another angel fly in the midst of heaven, having the everlasting gospel to preach unto them that dwell on the earth, .... Saying with a loud voice, Fear God, and give glory to him; for the hour of his judgment is come: and worship him that made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and the fountains of waters.
Revelation 14:6,7

Bad "news" for horoscope users

"The process of reading your star sign has long been associated with an improved mood and positive
outlook, but a new study conducted by the Journal of Consumer Research has revealed that in some situations a negative reading can induce undesirable behavior.
"Conventional wisdom might suggest that for people who believe they can change their fate, an unfavorable horoscope should result in an attempt to improve their fate," the study authors wrote. "Our results showed that reading an unfavorable horoscope actually has the opposite effect on a person."
According to a different study released in November, more than 37% of the public consult their horoscope before they make a big decision and women are a lot more likely to do so than men."
UM            


And lest thou lift up thine eyes unto heaven, and when thou seest the sun, and the moon, and the stars, even all the host of heaven, shouldest be driven to worship them, and serve them, which the Lord thy God hath divided unto all nations under the whole heaven.
Deuteronomy 4:19

IN the NEWS - Army bans word "Christmas"

"An equal opportunity officer delivered the message to leaders of the 158th Infantry Brigade at
Mississippi’s Camp Shelby,....when the subject of the upcoming Christmas football game was brought up, the officer immediately told the attendees that the word “Christmas” couldn’t be used.
“Our equal opportunity representative stopped the briefing and told us that we can’t say Christmas,” the soldier told Fox News. “Almost the entire room blew up. Everybody was frustrated. The equal opportunity rep told our commander that not everyone celebrates Christmas and we couldn’t say Christmas celebration. It had to be holiday celebration.”
When a brief, heated discussion on political correctness ensued, the equal opportunity officer said those weren’t her rules — they were the Army’s." RWN
.......the sinful mind is hostile to God.
Romans 8:7 NIV

Creation Moment 12/28/2013 - Darwin's "god" of "Natural Selection"

"The God of the Galápagos is careless, wasteful, indifferent, almost diabolical. He is certainly not the sort of God to whom anyone would be inclined to pray."
 The God of the Galápagos, Nature 352:485–86, David Hull, August 1991.
.......and worshipped and served the creature more than the Creator,
Romans 1:25

Thursday, December 26, 2013

SDA Issues - Mission of the Church : Chrystal Clear

The 3 Angels Message

 

And I saw another angel fly in the midst of heaven, having the everlasting gospel to preach to them that dwell on the earth, and to every nation, and kindred, and tongue, and people.

1) Saying with a loud voice, Fear God, and give glory to Him; for the hour of His judgement is come: and worship him that made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and the fountains of waters.
2) And there followed another angel, saying Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great city, because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication.
3) And the third angel followed them, saying with a loud voice, if any man worship the beast and his image, and recieve his mark, .....the same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God...
Revelation 14:6-10

Christmas Concert (Fountainview Academy/3ABN)

Christmas Concert
 (Performed by  Fountainview Academy/3ABN)
Glory to God in the highest,
and on earth peace,
good will toward men.
Luke 2:14

Creation Moment 12/27/2013 - Our Biological Future

  "...maintenance mishaps—the proper term in biology is mutation—copying mistakes in our DNA. These copying mistakes are accumulating at such a high rate that we can’t get rid of them (see Mutations: evolution’s engine becomes evolution’s end!). This is called genetic entropy. We produce about 100 new mutations per person, per generation. That means I have 100 more mutations than my Dad, and my son has 100 more mutations than me. The children will therefore always have more mutations than the parents. .....the individual effect of most mutations is so small that natural selection can’t even ‘see’ them to get rid of them. Actually, we’ve got way more chance of dying by dumb ‘luck’ than we do of dying by natural selection. And even if someone manages to get a good mutation, that mutation can’t be separated from the much more common bad mutations, so their effect gets drowned out amid all the bad noise. What does all this mean? It means the human race is doomed to extinction, and we can’t do a thing about it. And it’s not just humans either. All life is doomed to the same fate! Extinction is our future, not evolution." CMI
For we know that the whole creation groaneth
and travaileth in pain together until now.
Romans 8:22

Wednesday, December 25, 2013

What happened in the plain of Shinar?

And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east,
that they found a plain in the land of Shinar;
and they dwelt there.
Genesis 11:2
"As Noah's descendants increased in number, apostasy soon led to division. Those who desired to forget their Creator, and to cast off the restraint of His law, decided to separate from the worshipers of God. Accordingly they journeyed to the plain of Shinar, on the banks of the river Euphrates. Here they decided to build a city, and in it a tower reaching unto heaven,--so high that no flood could rise to the top, so massive that nothing could sweep it away. Thus they hoped to make themselves independent of God.

This confederacy was born of rebellion against God. The dwellers on the plain of Shinar established their kingdom for self-exaltation, and not for the glory of God.
And the Lord came down to see the city and the tower [the great idol-building], which the children of men builded (Genesis 11). He defeated the purpose of the tower builders, and overthrew the memorial of their rebellion. God bears long with the perversity of men, giving them ample opportunity for repentance; but He marks all their devices to resist the authority of His just and holy law. As an evidence of His displeasure over the building of this tower, He confounded the language of the builders, so that none could understand the words of his fellow-worker."
Lessons From the Past,  August 27, 1903 E.G.W.

IN the NEWS - UN forces into South Sudan

"The United Nations will urgently redeploy troops from African missions to South Sudan, where it
says 10 days of fighting has left thousands of people dead and forced another 80,000 to leave their homes.
Meanwhile, reports have emerged of bodies piled in mass graves, the UN says, amid ongoing battles that threaten to push the world's youngest nation into civil war.
The top UN humanitarian chief in the country, Toby Lanzer, says there is "absolutely no doubt in my mind that we're into the thousands" of dead, the first clear indication of the scale of conflict and ethnic violence engulfing South Sudan."  AustralianBroadcastingCorporation

But when ye shall hear of wars and commotions, be not terrified:
for these things must first come to pass;
but the end is not by and by.
Luke 21:9

Creation Moment 12/26/2013 - 3rd Law of Thermodynamics Simplified

"The Third Law of Thermodynamics: Absolute Zero is a Limit that, Like the Speed of Light, Can Be Approached but Not Reached.  This statement of the third law is called the Nernst Heat Theorem, and like the other two laws it just makes sense.  If you were to reach absolute zero, then all atomic motion would stop.  If electrons stop orbiting the positive center of atoms, what happens?  Opposites attract, and the electrons would simply be drawn into the nucleus.  Matter would simply dissolve." DGE
"....third law of thermodynamics - law stating that the entropy of a substance approaches zero as its temperature approaches absolute zero." FD
 
But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night;
 in the which the heavens shall pass away with a great noise,
and the elements shall melt with fervent heat,
the earth also and the works that are therein shall be burned up.
2 Peter 3:10
Will God allow "absolute zero" to be reached upon His return when the old creation is dissolved?

Tuesday, December 24, 2013

Papal Notes - CNN Papal Poll

"(CNN) – As Pope Francis prepares to celebrate his first Christmas at the Vatican, Americans' opinions of the pontiff appear to be as high as the dome on St. Peter's Basilica, according to a new survey.
A CNN/ORC International poll released Tuesday found that 88% of American Catholics approve of how Francis is handling his role as head of the 1.2 billion-member church.

American Catholics appear to like the new course the Pope has set for their church. Nearly two-thirds agree with him about the amount of attention that should be paid to issues such as abortion and homosexuality, according to the CNN/ORC poll.
More than 85% of American Catholics say Francis is neither too liberal nor too conservative, and 86% say he's in touch with the modern world.
The poll was conducted for CNN by ORC International on December 16 through Thursday, with 1,035 adults nationwide, including 191 Catholics, questioned by telephone. The survey's overall sampling error is plus or minus three percentage points." CNN

It seems that the American Catholics-and the world at large-are infatuated with this Pope because he is willing to "wink" at sins-homosexuality & abortion in particular.
And the times of this ignorance God winked at;
but now commandeth all men every where to repent:
Acts 17:30

Commentary on the Wise Men

Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judaea in the days of Herod the king,
behold,
there came wise men from the east to Jerusalem,
Saying,
Where is he that is born King of the Jews?
for we have seen his star in the east,
and are come to worship him.
Matthew 2:1,2

"They might have said, ‘If such a prince be born, we shall hear of him shortly in our own country, and it will be time enough then to pay our homage to him.' But so impatient were they to be better acquainted with him, that they took a long journey on purpose to enquire after him. Note, Those who truly desire to know Christ, and find him, will not regard pains or perils in seeking after him."
Matthew Henry Commentary

Creation Moment 12/25/2013 - Catholicism embraces evolution

"In an exclusive interview, the bishop who heads the Pontifical Academy of Sciences accepts the theory of evolution,
 
Bishop Sánchez is the chancellor of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. “If we don't accept science, we don't accept reason,” says Sánchez, “and reason was created by God." “The notion of creation is completely different from the notion of evolution,” said Sánchez. “Creation is a philosophical notion that comes from The Bible. It says that God, from nothing, created being.” That is the central
Sanchez
concept, he said, and science has no real explanation for how that might happen. But evolution is different. There is a great deal of evidence, he said, that there is evolution in nature and that species evolve. Over the years the progress of science has caused many in the Catholic Church to rethink what they thought they knew, like the location of Heaven and of Hell. “In the past, we said they are [physical] places,” Sánchez explained, as if they could be pinpointed on a map of the cosmos. But that was back in the Middle Ages when people believed the universe was organized in spheres with Earth at their center, then the sun and the moon and the stars, and beyond them, Heaven. Hell was under the ground in the center of this planet. Now Paradise and the Inferno are understood philosophically as states of being, not places on a chart."
TheDailyBeast
 
 
Professing themselves to be wise,
 they became fools,
Romans 1:22

Monday, December 23, 2013

Angels We Have Heard On High performed by Vestal Hills SDA Church (NY)

Angels We Have Heard On High performed by Vestal Hills SDA Church
www.youtube.com/embed/mbA8E7Tb0Us

And there were in the same country shepherds abiding in the field,
keeping watch over their flock by night.
 
And, lo,
the angel of the Lord came upon them,
and the glory of the Lord shone round about them:
and they were sore afraid.
 
And the angel said unto them,
Fear not:
for, behold,
I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people.
For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour,
which is Christ the Lord.
And this shall be a sign unto you;
Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger.
 
And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God,
and saying,
 
Glory to God in the highest,
and on earth peace,
good will toward men.
 
And it came to pass,
as the angels were gone away from them into heaven,
the shepherds said one to another,
Let us now go even unto Bethlehem, and see this thing which is come to pass,
which the Lord hath made known unto us.
Luke 2:8-15