"ATP synthase---This is a set of individual proteins that are assembled to manufacture the energy storage substance that powers your body—ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
Think of ATP like the gasoline that powers your car. The ATP synthase enzyme works like a tiny electric motor. It makes the ATP ‘fuel’, molecule by molecule, by adding a phosphate group to another molecule, ADP (adenosine diphosphate). ATP has a higher energy content than ADP, so the conversion requires energy.
This stored energy within ATP can, when needed,
be released to fuel various biological processes;
to do this, the ATP fuel is ‘burned’ by hydrolyzing it (breaking it down with a water molecule) back to ADP.
This ADP can be ‘recharged’
by the ATP synthase motor back to ATP.
ATP synthase motors are found in every living thing, and ATP is required as the source of stored energy for all cellular processes. This is so, whether the energy initially comes from burning carbohydrates, photosynthesis, or, in the case of some bacteria, breaking down certain chemicals found in their environment.
The amount of ATP needed to power an organism is huge; activepeople make—then use—their own body weight of ATP every day. So cells need very large numbers of these magnificent machines.
In bacteria, the ATP synthase is mostly found in the cell membrane. In eukaryotes (creatures which, unlike bacteria, have a cell nucleus—e.g., animals, plants, and fungi), ATP synthase is found within special organelles (like mini-organs in the cell). These are called mitochondria. In plants, and other eukaryotes which use sunshine for growth, ATP synthase is found not only in mitochondria, but also in other organelles called chloroplasts.
A 70-kg man has 3 trillion cells with mitochondria (not counting gut bacteria). Most cell types can have hundreds, if not more, mitochondria per cell. So we are already at hundreds of trillions of mitochondria, each of which has thousands, sometimes tens of thousands of these machines in it. So, though not all are active at the same time, it seems that the number of ATP synthase machines in our body is in the order of hundreds of quadrillions!
In 2005, this amazing machine from a strain of bacteria called Bacillus sp. PS3 was studied in great detail. It was discovered that part of it, termed FOF1, had a maximum speed of about 350 revolutions per second (rps) at 37 °C (99 °F)—about 21,000 rpm. At 45 °C (113 °F) it reached 39,000 rpm. The researchers extrapolated that at 60 °C (140 °F)—an optimum growth temperature for this bacterium—the maximum speed would be a whopping 96,000 rpm!
These staggering speeds rival modern sophisticated man-made cars and aeroplanes. When the Swedish-built 5.1 L (309 cu in) twin-turbocharged V8 Koenigsegg Jesko was built in 2021, it was said to be the fastest-revving production car ever. Yet it ‘redlines’ at 8,500 rpm. The turbine engine in the Boeing 737 MAX spins at up to 20,500 rpm.
A succession of the world’s best engineers and scientists have been designing car engines for over 150 years. Yet modern car internal combustion engines have maximum rotation speeds much less than that of the ATP synthase in a ‘simple’ bacterium.
All of this points to a super-intelligent cosmic designer being responsible for the ATP synthase in all life.
It’s easy to see the design of ATP synthase as evidence of our Creator, Jesus Christ the Son of God, “Who is the image of the invisible God … all things were created by Him, and for Him” (Colossians 1:15–16)." CMI