And God made the firmament,
and divided the waters which were under the firmament
from the waters which were above the firmament:
Genesis 1:7
"The exosphere is a thin, atmosphere-like volume surrounding a planetary body where molecules are gravitationally bound to that body, but where the density is too low for them to behave as a gas by colliding with each other. In the exosphere, beginning at 310 to 620 mi above the Earth's surface, the atmosphere turns into space.The thermosphere... Within this layer, ultraviolet radiation (UV) causes ionization. Called from the Greek θερμός (pronounced thermos) meaning heat, the thermosphere begins about 53 mi above the Earth. At these high altitudes, the residual atmospheric gases sort into strata according to molecular mass.
Thermospheric temperatures increase with altitude due to absorption of highly energetic solar radiation. Temperatures are highly dependent on solar activity, and can rise to 3,630 °F. Radiation causes the atmosphere particles in this layer to become electrically charged enabling radio waves to bounce off and be received beyond the horizon.
The mesosphere ...the mesosphere temperature decreases with increasing height. The upper boundary of the mesosphere is the mesopause, which can be the coldest naturally occurring place on Earth with temperatures below −226 °F.
The main dynamic features in this region are strong zonal (East-West) winds, atmospheric tides, internal atmospheric gravity waves (commonly called "gravity waves") and planetary waves. Most of these tides and waves are excited in the troposphere and lower stratosphere, and propagate upward to the mesosphere. In the mesosphere, gravity-wave amplitudes can become so large that the waves become unstable and dissipate. This dissipation deposits momentum into the mesosphere and largely drives global circulation.
The stratosphere is stratified in temperature, with warmer layers higher up and cooler layers
The stratosphere is layered in temperature because ozone (O3) here absorbs high energy UVB and UVC energy waves from the Sun and is broken down into atomic oxygen (O) and diatomic oxygen (O2). Atomic oxygen is found prevalent in the upper stratosphere due to the bombardment of UV light and the destruction of both ozone and diatomic oxygen. The mid stratosphere has less UV light passing through it, O and O2 are able to combine, and is where the majority of natural ozone is produced. It is when these two forms of oxygen recombine to form ozone that they release the heat found in the stratosphere.
Commercial airliners typically cruise at altitudes of 9–12 km (30,000–39,000 ft) in temperate latitudes (in the lower reaches of the stratosphere.
Also, some bird species have been reported to fly at the lower levels of the stratosphere.
The troposphere is the lowest portion of Earth's atmosphere. It contains approximately 80% of the atmosphere's mass and 99% of its water vapour and aerosols.
Most of the phenomena we associate with day-to-day weather occur in the troposphere."
wikipedia
