ARCHAEOLOGY: 18,000 Dinosaur Tracks in Bolivia

And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth; and all the high hills, that were under the whole heaven, were covered. Genesis 7:19

"A new discovery of 18,000 individual dinosaur tracks in the Bolivian El Molino Formation contains the highest number of theropod dinosaur tracks in the world. The tracks were spread over nine sites in an area encompassing nearly 1.5 football fields. Remarkably, the site also contains the highest number of dinosaur swim tracks ever reported.

Publishing in PLoS One, the joint science team from the United States and Bolivia wrote,

"The Carreras Pampa tracksite in the Torotoro National Park, Bolivia, records a wealth of dinosaur tracks, tail traces, and swim tracks. In this study, we report 1,321 track¬ways and 289 solitary tracks, totaling 16,600 theropod tracks, 280 swim trackways, totaling 1,378 swim tracks, and several trackways with tail traces. Numerous avian [bird] tracks occur locally and are associated with the theropod tracks."

In addition, the team documented the orientation of the trackways,

finding them to have traveled across the site in two primary directions. The swim tracks also followed one of these same directions but were formed on top of (later than) the walking trackways. The scientists wrote,

"The abundant swim tracks were made by the theropods, which nearly floated and swam while kicking the soft bottom with the tips of their toes. The presence of swim tracks impressed upon walking tracks indicates that the latter formed first, and the swim track producers swam later in the same area [and same direction]."

They continued:

"This stratigraphic relation indicates that the substrate preserved walking track impressions even while water levels rose enough for dinosaurs to swim. Swimming trackways and isolated, shallow swim tracks were created by individuals who paddled and scratched the substrate."

The science team also found that

"Theropod footprints with tail-drag traces are abundant and well preserved in the tracksite, appearing in trackways featuring shallow, deep, and very deep tracks. The tail traces suggest that dinosaurs exhibited some form of locomotive behavior in response to sinking into soft substrate, which resulted in their tails coming into contact with the surface."

The rock unit upon which the trackways are found was a rippled limestone bed containing an abundance of small ostracod shells and carbonate ooids and invertebrate burrows. Ooids are little BB-sized balls of limestone that accumulate and roll in shallow waves. And ostracods are tiny crustaceans about one sixteenth of an inch in length. They are commonly found in marine environments but also live in freshwater. The scientists also found fish teeth and shell fragments of bivalves in the same layer. Collectively, these features—the rippled limestone, ooids, and ostracods—are a dead ringer for a shallow ocean deposit.

At another site in the same rock layer, north of Torotoro, the

paleontologists reported finding “a variety of invertebrates, plants, and vertebrates, including dinosaurs, reptiles, mammals, amphibians, and terrestrial and marine ichthyofauna.” This mixture of terrestrial (dinosaurs) and marine fauna in the El Molino Formation continues to baffle conventional science. No wonder the uniformitarian paleontology team wrote, “No single paleoenvironmental interpretation explains the entire El Molino Formation [the unit that contains the trackways].”

Q: But why would dinosaurs and birds be “running, sauntering and even swimming” across a soft, fresh limestone bed that was likely flooded by a few feet of ocean water? And why so many in the same directions? 

Q: What were they heading for and/or moving away from? 

Q: And why did this happen just prior to the disappearance of all the dinosaurs in the rock record?

The global Flood provides the best answer to all of these questions. 

--And it offers an explanation for the walking first, then the swimming, and the tail dragging. 

--It also explains the terrestrial and marine mixing that is so common around the world.

The dinosaurs that made these tracks were doing their best to stay above the rising water and were likely heading toward a remnant of higher ground. That may be why so many of the tracks are heading in similar directions. To do so, they had to wade in shallow water on top of a fresh limey substrate, maybe in between tsunami waves. This respite was just long enough to leave their tracks. Then, as the next wave hit, creating the rippled surface and deepening the water, the dinosaurs were forced to swim. But they still kept heading in the same direction, toward what little high ground may have remained.
This explains the order of trackways, starting with walking, the sinking into the soft lime (creating tail marks), and then the outright swimming. It was for survival. But eventually, the floodwaters overcame all of these creatures, washing them away and entombing many of them elsewhere in other rock layers.

Deliberately ignoring the global Flood that occurred about 4,500 years ago leads to great confusion and fictional stories. Believing in the truth of God’s Word resolves many apparent mysteries and leads to clarity." 

ICR

IN the NEWS - Is it slowing down--this taste of the Future?

It has been continuing---the massive weird global natural calamities--crammed into a small window of time of the last few weeks....although this week makes it seem to be slowing down.

For nation shall rise against nation,

and kingdom against kingdom:

and there shall be famines,

and pestilences and earthquakes,

in divers places.

All these are the beginning of sorrows.

And ye shall hear of wars and rumors of wars:

And great earthquakes shall be in divers places, ...and fearful sights and great signs shall there be from heaven.

Matthew 24:7,8,6/Luke 21:11

China: Wildfires near Beijing out-of-control.

Japan: Quake off east coast.

Pakistan: Cloud burst triggers flood killing hundreds. Other flooding and landslides across country.

Indonesia: Several more quakes. Multiple volcanic eruptions.

Argentina: Quake on border with Chile. Major quake off southern coast between it and Antarctica.

Greece: Caldera cause rock landslide in Santorini town.

Italy: Sea began boiling at Bagnoli Beach.

Canada: Glacial lake outburst triggers flooding.

Denmark: Rare waterspouts on coast.

Poland: Rare waterspouts on coast.

Russia: Several quakes off eastern coast. Rare tornado in east cuts 23 mile swath.

Tunisia: Major quake.

India: Mumbai flooded.

Australia: Quake rattles Queensland.

U.S.A.: Volcanic eruption in Hawaii. Area around Alaska capital flooded. Massive windstorm wreaks havoc in metro Chicago. Another large California wildfire. Quake swarms rattles L.A.

Space: Meteorites light up night skies over Japan and Australia.

Bolivia: Civil War Rumored to be breaking out.

Turkey: Rumored to be on brink of civil war despite out-of-control wildfires still sweeping country and a quake.

Days of the Dead and "Ghosts" vs. God

"Although many affirm that Samhain was the origin of modern-day Halloween, it is significant to note how many cultures throughout the world have celebrated a “day of the dead” (often with sacrifices), occurring at the end of summer and fall. There seem to be too many parallels to call these similar celebrations a coincidence.

For example, in the Americas, there is the Mexican Day of the Dead

(El Día de los Muertos) that goes back to the ancient festival of the dead celebrated by Aztecs and the more-ancient Olmecs. 

Brazilians also celebrate Finados (Day of the Dead). Bolivia has the Day of the Skulls (Día de los Natitas).

In Asia, there are similar festivals. For example, the Chinese celebrated the Ghost Festival, which was a day to pay homage to dead ancestors. 

The Japanese celebrated something similar called O-bon or merely Bon. 

Even Vietnam has a variant of the Ghost Festival called Tet Trung Nguyen. 

In Korea, there is Chuseok or Hankawi, in which deceased ancestors are ritualized. 

In Nepal, there is the cow pilgrimage called Gia Jatra to honor the recently deceased. 

In the Philippines, there is the Day of the Dead (Araw ng mga Patay), where tombs are cleaned and repainted. 

Death is a terrible reality for all of us—not something to celebrate or treat as fun. 

*Death is the punishment for sin. 

Since all of us are sinners (Romans 3:23), we must realize that death is coming. 

For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord. (Romans 6:23)." 

AIG

ARCHAEOLOGY: Capacocha Sacrifices - From the Darkened Heart

Because that, when they knew God,

they glorified Him not as God,

neither were thankful;

but became vain in their imaginations,

and their foolish heart was darkened.

Romans 1:21

Capacocha Child Sacrifice: Where the Darkened Heart led to......

"Information on the Inca capacocha can be found in several Spanish colonial documents. One of these, Bernabe Cobo’s Historia del

Nuevo Mundo, is considered amongst the most reliable of the Spanish chronicles and presents a comprehensive description of Inca myths, religious beliefs, and ceremonies.

The assemblage of seven child burials was discovered in 2004 at Choquepukio, a stratified site in the Cuzco Valley occupied continuously from the Early Intermediate Period (∼400 BC–AD 540) through the Late Horizon (AD 1476–1532) (McEwan, 2006, McEwan et al., 2002, McEwan et al., 1995). During excavations of this site, Choquepukio field directors Gordon McEwan and Arminda Gibaja uncovered an imperial Inca building with an intact floor, dated to AD 1410–1520.

Based on the 87Sr/86Sr range for the Cuzco region, two of the seven children were identified as non-local. 

The first individual (CHO 141) exhibited a 87Sr/86Sr value of 0.70910, just above the Cuzco-region range and within the range of the Tiwanaku region of Bolivia (0.7087–0.7105) (Knudson, 2004). The second individual (CHO 142) yielded a 87Sr/86Sr value of 0.70638, well below the Cuzco range. Instead, this 87Sr/86Sr ratio fell into the range observed for Wari.....the Spanish chronicler Betanzos (1996[1557]:132) noted that for the capacocha demanded by the Emperor Pachacuti.

The Inca practiced the sacrificial ritual of capacocha, which

involved sacrificing children from noble families for various reasons, including gaining political favor with the emperor. 

Notable mummies, such as the Llullaillaco Maiden and the Aconcagua mummy, have been discovered in the Andes of Argentina, Chile, and Peru. The Inca had the practice of capacocha, the sacrifice of children often high in the mountains where they would become naturally mummified.

The practice of capacocha was important among the ancient Inca. Most of the time, the sacrifices were children, both boys and girls.
Those sacrificed are often called 'sacrificial victims' today, but it should be noted that it was considered an honor to be chosen to be sacrificed. Those to be sacrificed were often from noble families that sought to gain political favor with the emperor.
Age Of Capacocha Sacrifices:
Boys: Up to 10
Girls: Up to 16

These children were considered to have been 

the purest of beings, and were sent to contact the gods

 with a message from their people.

These sacrifices were carried out for a number of reasons and on

several occasions. They would be done with the ascension, sickness, or death of the Emperor (or the birth of a son). They would also be done to stop natural disasters.
The children chosen had to be perfect (virgins, no illness, no freckles, no scars, etc.).

The chosen girls would be taken to the "House of the Chosen Women" where they stayed for a while learning to be a priestess. When they turned 14 years old, some became priestesses while the prettiest ones were often sent as tribute to be sacrificed in the capacocha rituals.

On the day of the sacrifice, the child would be fed chicha, a maize alcohol, presumably to ease the pain of the cold, the altitude, and perhaps the fear of dying. 

Much ritual celebrating would take place at the platform as the child would be wrapped in ceremonial clothing, placed inside the tomb, and surrounded with the sacred artifacts that would accompany him/her into the Other World.

This was the ultimate sacrifice the Inca could make to please the mountain gods: to offer up their own children in the highest places humans could possibly reach. Once the child died of exposure, the priests would continue to return to the site, making offerings of coca leaves and filling in the burial site with dirt. 

Often a miniature figurine of the child would be placed on the surface near the burial site, along with more simple offerings like ichu, wild grass from the slopes thousands of feet below.
A third group went on to be the secondary wives of noblemen or servants and concubines for the emperor.
Those destined to be sacrificed were fed the best diet for a year in preparation for their sacrifice. They could be sacrificed through blunt force to the head, strangulation, or by being buried alive. Females were typically buried with more extravagant grave goods when compared to their male counterparts.

"Beautiful beyond exaggeration," is how one Spanish chronicler

Poma de Ayala (1615)

described Tanta Carhua. Carhua was a 10-year old Inca child whose father offered her to the Inca Emperor as a Capacocha sacrifice. 

She was taken by priests to Cuzco where she met the Inca Emperor, and on her return journey to the mountain where she would be sacrificed the procession passed through her home village. Tanta Carhua was then taken to a high Andean mountain, placed in a shaft-tomb and walled in alive. Chicha, a maize alcohol, was fed to her both before and after her death. And in death, this beautiful ten-year old child became a goddess, speaking to her people as an oracle from the mountain, which was reconsecrated in her name.

Now, as reported in the journal Scientific Reports of the Nature

group, scientists have managed to extract DNA from a lung biopsy of the mummy of the child to sequence the mitochondrial genome. An analysis through which it has been possible to identify a new haplogroup that, until now, had not been detected in contemporary populations, and which has been named C1bi. They believe that the lineage probably came to the area during the first waves of immigration in the Americas. 

The experts believe that there may still be living descendants of this lineage found in some parts of Peru and Bolivia. They also have noted a high affinity of the haplogroup C1bi in skeletal remains belonging to an individual who lived in the ancient Wari (Huari) empire. "
TheTravel/NOVA/ScienceDirect/AncientOrigins

IN the NEWS - Latin America Is Running Out of Water

Then said he unto them, Nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom: And great earthquakes shall be in divers places, and famines, and pestilences; and fearful sights and great signs shall there be from heaven.... for all these things must come to pass, but the end is not yet.

Luje 21:10,11/Matthew 24:6

"Traffic through the Panama Canal is nearly half-capacity these days. Normally, 40 ships take the world’s greatest shortcut through its locks each day. Last week, the Canal Authority reduced daily

passages to 25, while predicting further cuts to 18 by February. The immediate cause is Panama’s driest October since recordkeeping began in 1950. 

Panama is not the only Latin American country currently facing water scarcity. To the contrary, the entire region is in the grips of a dry spell. A historic drought is ravaging Brazil's Amazon, with a record 3,858 fires ripping through the state of Amazonas this month. 

With their “river highway” drained, riverine communities face emergency-level shortages in food, medicine and drinking water, while endangered river dolphins and other species are dying en masse. 

Meanwhile, farmers from the Dominican Republic to Argentina are reporting millions of dollars in crop losses. The Dominican Republic sealed its border with Haiti over a water dispute. 

Mexico City is rationing water due to reservoirs at historic lows at the end of what is supposed to be its rainy season. Water supplies stored in the glaciers of the Andes are receding, reducing their ability to replenish drainage basins and aquifers with meltwater during warmer, drier months, leading western Bolivia to ration water. 

Central Chile is buckling under 14 years of consecutive drought, which analysts have taken to calling a “mega drought.” 

Warmer surface waters block upwelling of nutrient-rich, cold waters from the ocean’s depths. Fewer nitrates and phosphates reach the surface, reducing the phytoplankton population. That in turn ripples up the food chain. Fish stocks plummet as species die or migrate, wreaking havoc on communities that depend on them for their livelihoods." MS

Paths from Babel: All the way to Amazonia

Therefore is the name of it called Babel; because the LORD did there confound the language of all the earth: and from thence did the LORD scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.

Genesis 11:9

 

"LiDAR (light detection and ranging) has documented 26 settlement sites, including two remarkably large, of the Casarabe culture in the Llanos de Mojos, Bolivia. The discovery challenges the view of Amazonia as a historically pristine landscape, but was instead home to an early urbanism created and managed by indigenous populations for thousands of years.

They found an unprecedented array of elaborate and intricate structures unlike any previously discovered in the region, including 5-m-high terraces and 21-m-tall conical pyramids.

“Our LiDAR system has revealed built terraces, straight causeways, enclosures with checkpoints, and water reservoirs,” Professor Iriarte said. “There are monumental structures are just a mile apart

connected by 965 km of canals long raised causeways connecting sites, reservoirs and lakes.” 

The central role of Cotoca as a primary site is also underlined by the impressive system of canals and causeways that radiate from the base platform in all of the cardinal directions, connecting with lower-tier sites, the Ibare River to the south, and lakes to the east.

This region was one of the earliest occupied by humans in Amazonia, where people started to domesticate crops of global importance such as manioc and rice.

The architectural layout of Casarabe culture large settlement sites indicates that the inhabitants of this region created a new social and public landscape.

The orientation of the buildings that constitute the civic-ceremonial centers of the two large settlement sites is very uniform towards the north-northwest. This probably reflects a cosmological world view, which is also present in the orientation of extended burials of the Casarabe culture."

SciNews/Nature

IN the NEWS - Macron (& others) Bearing False Witness

Thou shalt not bear false witness... Exodus 20:16

Macron of France was bearing false witness against Brazil over the Amazon Fires by using an old picture to bash Brazil...and others by PURPOSLY Mischaracterizing the Amazon Fires for POLITICAL PROPAGANDA for their Green Religion....

"The G-7 nations pledged Monday about $40 million to help fight fires in the Amazon rainforest in response to the outcry from celebrities, media outlets and leaders like French President Emmanuel Macron, who said the blazes represented an “international crisis.”

Climate scientist Roy Spencer had another term for the fires: “normal agriculture.”

“I think the media focus on this is misplaced and exaggerated, as is virtually every weather-related story that appears these days,” said Mr. Spencer, a respected former NASA scientist.
“The driest years in Brazil will have the most fires set by farmers,” the professor at the University of Alabama at Huntsville said in an email. “That isn’t a climate story, it’s normal agriculture in a country where 50 million people living in poverty are trying to survive.”

After finding last week that the Amazon fire activity “has been close to average in comparison to the last 15 years,” the NASA Observatory said Saturday that there has been a slight “uptick,” making 2019 “the most active fire year in that region since 2010.”

Data from the Global Fire Emissions Database of Amazon Region

fire activity dating back to 2003 showed 2019 falling somewhere in the middle of the pack, with the number of fires as of Saturday at nearly 110,000.
Dan Nepstad, president of the Earth Innovation Institute, told Forbes that the number of 2019 fires is 7% above the average of the last 10 years, even as deforestation fell by 70% from 2004-12 in the Brazilian Amazon.  About 80% of the Amazon rainforest is intact, and half is protected under Brazilian federal law.

@The photos you probably saw weren’t of today’s fires in Brazil.
@Amazon isn’t the “lungs of the world”.
@Deforestation is 75% below 2004 peak.
@Forest fires not increasing.
@Fires 7% more than decadal average.

Such facts run counter to the widespread narrative depicting the Amazon going up in flames and on the brink of deforestation, thanks to the pro-development policies of President Jair Bolsonaro, the so-called “Brazilian Donald Trump” who took office in January.

In addition to Mr. Macron, liberal celebrities such as Madonna, Leonardo DiCaprio, Cristiano Ronaldo, Jaden Smith and Shakira have stoked alarm about the fires on social media. 
Also going viral are photos declared fake by fact-checkers at such media outlets as Agence France-Presse and Mother Jones, which noted that Mr. Macron tweeted an image taken in 2003.

Also going viral was the errant claim that the Amazon produces 20% of the earth’s oxygen, as tweeted by Mr. Macron and Rep. Ro Khanna, California Democrat.
But even Penn State climate scientist Michael E. Mann, a leader of the global-warming movement, said that was too high. 
In fact, Mr. Mann tweeted, even 6% would probably be too high, because “plants both photosynthesize and respire.”

Most but not all of the Amazon basin is in Brazil, which has six of the 10 Amazon districts.  Three others are in Bolivia and one is in Peru, but Bolivian President Evo Morales, a socialist, has received none of the international condemnation heaped on the conservative Mr. Bolsonaro.
In 2015, Mr. Morales told a crowd at the World People’s Conference on Climate Change that, “Capitalism is Mother Earth’s cancer.”
“The fires in Bolivia are being ignored by the media because Bolivia’s government is socialist and does not fit the narrative of evil ‘right-wing,’” Mr. Morano said. “Bolivia is protected from media criticism because they are the politically correct political leaders.”

The incidence of fire was higher from 2003 to 2007 and in 2010, during the administration of former Brazil President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, a member of the Workers’ Party, although he received little in the way of international backlash."
Fulcrum7

As one can see from this NASA Map of the Fires...they are NOT just in Brazil...
Nor just in the Amazon......SHAME on "Christians" who have played along with, or 
sympathize with Politicizing yearly Forest Fires by Bearing False Witness...