Creation Moment 7/11/2026 - Allow me to add a 3rd scenario to the list for (612533) 2002 XV93

"A tiny icy object orbiting beyond Neptune has surprised astronomers by displaying an atmosphere that, according to current theories, should not exist.

The object, officially designated (612533) 2002 XV93, belongs to a class of distant bodies known as trans-Neptunian objects, located in

the Kuiper Belt beyond the orbit of Neptune. More specifically, it is classified as a plutino, sharing the same 2:3 orbital resonance with Neptune as Pluto. Measuring only about 310 miles across, it is far smaller than Pluto, making the discovery especially unexpected.

What makes the discovery especially puzzling is that previous observations by the James Webb Space Telescope found no evidence that 2002 XV93 possesses surface deposits of nitrogen, methane, or carbon monoxide ice, the same volatile materials that generate Pluto’s atmosphere when warmed by sunlight. Temperatures on the object, estimated between 40 and 50 degrees above absolute zero, are also far too low for water ice or carbon dioxide ice to vaporize naturally.

The research, published in Nature Astronomy, therefore presents scientists with a genuine mystery. Existing models struggle to explain how such a small, cold object could sustain even a temporary atmosphere under these extreme conditions.

Researchers currently propose two leading scenarios, although neither fully explains the observations.
The first possibility is that a relatively recent impact from a comet-

like object released gas into space, temporarily creating the observed atmosphere. This explanation comes with a major challenge. Because the object’s gravity is so weak, any gases escaping into space would disappear within roughly a thousand years. On astronomical timescales, that represents an incredibly brief period, implying astronomers would have observed the object during a remarkably fortunate moment.
The second hypothesis involves cryovolcanism, sometimes described as ice volcanism. Instead of molten rock, underground reservoirs of frozen volatile materials could occasionally erupt, replenishing the atmosphere from beneath the surface. Scientists do not yet know what internal energy source could power such activity on a body this small and cold, leaving the mechanism unresolved.

As the researchers explained,
“This discovery suggests that the traditional idea that global dense atmospheres form only around larger planets must be revised,” said Arimatsu’s team in their research paper.
That statement reflects how significantly this observation could reshape current thinking about atmospheric formation in the outer Solar System." msn

Allow me to add a 3rd "scenario" to the list for (612533) 2002 XV93: That is that it is young, only a few thousand years old, created as is, for a reason these men do not yet understand. Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God.... Hebrews 11:3

Creation Moment 7/4/2026 - TOI-791

Once again Planetary UNIQUENESS = DESIGN.
Hath in these last days spoken unto us by His Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also He made the worlds; Hebrews 1:2

"An international team led by researchers at the University of Oxford has discovered the pair of so-called “super-puff” planets orbiting a star approximately 1,110 light-years from Earth in the southern constellation Volans. The findings, published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, place the two worlds among the lowest-density giant planets ever detected.

A big planet usually means a lot of mass. Jupiter, for instance, is

enormous, but it also has the weight to match, although its density is a bit more than four times smaller than Earth’s (1.326 g/cm³ vs 5.52 g/cm³, respectively). These newly discovered two worlds break the mold. TOI-791 b is close to the size of Jupiter, yet its density is only 0.038 grams per cubic centimeter. TOI-791 c is larger and denser, although measuring a still modest 0.047 grams per cubic centimeter..... one leading idea is that super-puff planets have huge hydrogen- and helium-rich atmospheres wrapped around relatively small cores.

Meanwhile, candy floss comes in at roughly 0.05 grams per cubic centimeter.
The planets orbit an F7-type dwarf star coined TOI-791. TOI-791 b and TOI-791 c appear to be locked in a 5:3 orbital resonance. That means that for every five trips the inner planet makes around the star, the outer planet completes almost exactly three. This may sound like a small detail, but in planetary systems, timing is everything. Planets in resonance tug on each other in predictable ways, like two people pulling on the same bedsheet from opposite sides.

For now, TOI-791 b and c are a reminder that the universe still has a sense of humor. After decades of exoplanet discoveries, astronomers have found hot Jupiters skimming their stars, lava worlds with molten surfaces and planets that orbit two or even more stars. Now they have found a pair of giant planets so insubstantial that they make Jupiter look like a bowling ball.

They are huge. They are faintly absurd. And they may be exactly the kind of worlds astronomers need to better understand how planetary systems are built." 

msn

Creation Moment 5/15/2026 - Another 10,000

Hath in these last days spoken unto us by His Son, whom He hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also He made the worlds; Hebrews 1:2

" By exploiting data from a NASA telescope, researchers at Princeton

University have detected more than 10,000 objects that could be exoplanets.
Joshua Roth and his team at Princeton University have identified 11,554 potential exoplanets, 10,091 of which had never been spotted in previous searches." 

msn

Creation Moment 3/27/2026 - Cotton Candy Planet

Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God... Hebrews 11:3

MORE of the DIVERSITY of the Planets......points to DESIGN:

"A bizarre, ultra-light planet is cloaked in such a thick haze that even JWST can’t reveal its composition. Its unusual size and orbit are forcing scientists to rethink how planets form.

A newly published study suggests that a dense haze surrounding the

ultra-low-density planet Kepler-51d may be concealing both its composition and how it formed. Researchers led by Penn State used NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to investigate this unusual “super-puff” planet, which already challenges standard models of planetary formation. What they found added to the mystery. The haze enveloping the planet appears to be the thickest ever observed, making it extremely difficult to detect the chemical signatures in its atmosphere.

Kepler-51 is a star about 2,615 light-years from Earth in the constellation Cygnus. It hosts four known planets, at least three of which are classified as super-puffs. These worlds are roughly the size of Saturn but contain only a few times the mass of Earth. Among them, Kepler-51d is both the coolest and the least dense.

“We think the three inner planets orbiting Kepler-51 have tiny cores and huge atmospheres giving them a density akin to cotton candy,” said Jessical Libby-Roberts. “These ultra-low-density super-puff planets are rare, and they defy conventional understanding of how gas giants form. And if explaining how one formed wasn’t difficult enough, this system has three!”

“It seems very similar to the haze we see on Saturn’s largest moon Titan, which has hydrocarbons like methane, but at a much larger scale. Kepler-51d seems to have a huge amount of haze — almost the radius of Earth — which would be one of the largest we’ve seen on a planet yet.” 

SciTechDaily

Creation Moment 3/21/2026 - They admit their "models" are Wrong

By faith we understand that the entire universe was formed at God’s command, that what we now see did not come from anything that can be seen. Hebrews 11:3 NLT

"For decades, researchers thought they had the recipe for a solar system figured out. You put a star in the middle, scatter some rocky crumbs nearby for things like Earth, and let the gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn sweep up the leftovers in the cold, dark suburbs. It was neat, tidy, and, as it turns out, probably wrong — or at least very incomplete.

Exhibit A: HR 8799. This young star, just 130 light-years away, is

home to four behemoths that shouldn’t exist. These gas giants are 5 to 10 times the mass of Jupiter, sitting at distances far greater than Pluto is from our Sun.

Ever since these planets were discovered nearly two decades ago, they’ve stood as a middle finger to our best theories of how planets are born. They were too big and too far away to exist by the rules.

The main problem with HR 8799 is called core accretion. This is the standard model for building a giant planet. Imagine a dusty disk around a young star. Inside this disk, ice and rock collide to form a solid core. Once that core gets to about ten times the mass of Earth, its gravity becomes so hungry that it starts inhaling gas from the surrounding disk. This is the accretion.

But the farther you go from the star, the less material you have to work with. So, you’d expect these planets which are farther from their star to be smaller. That’s why it’s so striking for planets to be huge and very far away from their star.

For starters, they found that all planets have a relatively similar chemistry. In other words, they formed in pretty much the same way. This likely means no collisions or extreme events.

They then found that the planets are metal-rich. In astronomy, anything heavier than hydrogen or helium is a “metal.”

 ZME

Commentary/Response: Oops....

Creation Moment 3/9/2026 - How to read articles on LHS 1903

Hath in these last days spoken unto us by His Son, whom He hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also He made the worlds; Hebrews 1:2

"Like a double-stuffed Oreo of planetary proportions, the star LHS 1903 boasts two rocky exoplanets sandwiching two gaseous ones.

From the star outward, the lineup — rocky-gaseous-gaseous-rocky — defies models that predict rocky planets appearing close in and gaseous ones further out. 

The configuration hints at a history of violence in the system,

potentially refining our understanding of planetary formation, researchers report February 12 in Science.

(OR---The configuration hints that this is unique because it was DESIGNED that way)

“Bad stuff does happen in young planetary systems,” says Andrew Cameron. “This one has the look of something that’s been turned inside out.”

LHS 1903 is a red dwarf star located roughly 116 light-years away and is about half as massive as the sun. Its four companions all orbit in less than 30 days, making for a compact system whose worlds range from around 1.4 to 2.5 times our planet’s radius, straddling the boundary between super-Earths and mini-Neptunes.

Planets are thought to form from the dusty disks surrounding young stars. (MAYBE---you "thought" wrong) Rocky planets typically grow closer in, where intense starlight can strip away their atmospheres. Gas is more prevalent in the outer disk, spawning giants like Jupiter that often retain thick envelopes.
“LHS 1903 follows that pattern beautifully for the first three planets,” Cameron says. “Then, something weird happened to the fourth planet.”
Based on its density, LHS 1903’s fourth planet appears to be rocky, whereas the two planets starward from it seem to be wrapped in gaseous envelopes. It would be like finding a world resembling Venus out past the orbit of Neptune.

The fourth planet may have ("may have"---so you are just GUESSING? OR---it may have been made that way for a REASON you have not figured out yet) grown up late, “just as the system ran out of gas,” Cameron says." 

ScienceNews

Creation Moment 2/20/2026 - TOI-1730 Why is it "peculiar"?

Hath in these last days spoken unto us by His Son, whom He hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also He made the worlds; Hebrews 1:2
Why is TOI-1730 "peculiar"?.....sorry if it doesn't fit your theory but maybe it was DESIGNED this way for a reason.

"Deep in the older, denser reaches of the Milky Way, there is a red dwarf star that shouldn’t exist — or at least, its family of planets shouldn’t look the way it does. The star is LHS 1903, and it hosts a planetary system that is effectively built backwards, defying the standard architectural rules that governed our own solar system.
Typically, from what astronomers have gathered thus far, star systems follow a tidy logic: small, rocky worlds huddle close to the warmth of their star, while massive gas giants bloat up in the colder, distant reaches. But LHS 1903 flips the script. 

Its outermost world isn’t a gas giant; it is a naked rock.

The discovery, detailed in a new paper published in Science, reveals a system of four planets with a bizarre “sandwich” configuration: a rocky world, followed by two gaseous ones, and then — inexplicably — another rock at the very edge.
“That makes this an inside-out system, with a planet order of rocky-gaseous-gaseous-and then rocky again,” explains Thomas Wilson.
The system, also known as TOI-1730, sits in the Milky Way’s “thick disc,” a population of ancient stars that orbit high above and below the galactic plane. While astronomers have spotted thousands of exoplanets, this specific arrangement is peculiar, to say the least." ZMEScience

Creation Moment 1/6/2026 - Observations about TOI-561 b

Hath in these last days spoken unto us by His Son, whom He hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also He made the worlds; Hebrews 1:2

"JWST observations of the ultra-hot super-Earth exoplanet TOI-561 b provide the strongest evidence to date for an atmosphere surrounding a rocky planet beyond our Solar System.
A team of astronomers led by Carnegie researchers has uncovered the clearest evidence so far that a rocky planet outside our Solar System possesses an atmosphere. The findings, reported in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, are based on observations from

NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The data point to the presence of an atmosphere on an unlikely world: an ancient, extremely hot super-Earth that is thought to be covered by a global ocean of molten rock.
The planet, called TOI-561 b, is roughly twice as massive as Earth but is otherwise very different from our planet. Its extreme conditions are driven by its tight orbit around its star. While the star itself is slightly smaller and cooler than the Sun, TOI-561 b circles it at just one fortieth the distance between Mercury and the Sun. Because of this close orbit, the planet completes a full year in only 10.56 hours, and one hemisphere is constantly exposed to starlight.
“Based on what we know about other systems, astronomers would have predicted that a planet like this is too small and hot to retain its own atmosphere for long after formation,” explained Carnegie Science Postdoctoral Fellow Nicole Wallack, the paper’s second author. “But our observations suggest it is surrounded by a relatively thick blanket of gas, upending conventional wisdom about ultra-short-period planets.”
Within our own Solar System, planets that are both small and intensely heated were unable to keep the original gaseous envelopes they acquired early in their histories. 

*In contrast, TOI-561 b appears to have held on to its atmosphere even though it orbits a star that is much older than the Sun." 

SciTechDaily

OBSERVATIONS:

1- TOI-561 b is obviously NOT older than it's sun....
2- Apparently it's formation isn't the age they think....

Creation Moment 1/3/2026 - PSR J2322-2650b: No Mystery

"Astronomers have discovered a carbon-rich exoplanet with a bizarre atmosphere and shape, orbiting a neutron star under extreme conditions that challenge current models of planetary formation.

Scientists working with NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope have identified a previously unknown kind of exoplanet, one whose unusual atmosphere challenges our understanding of how this type of planet forms.

The strange world has a stretched, lemon-like shape and may even contain diamonds at its center, placing it somewhere between what scientists typically consider a planet and a star.
Known as PSR J2322-2650b, the object is wrapped in an atmosphere dominated by helium and carbon, a combination never before observed on an exoplanet. 

Although it is roughly as massive as Jupiter, its skies are filled with soot-like carbon clouds, and under intense pressure deep inside the planet, that carbon could crystallize into diamonds. 

The planet circles a rapidly rotating neutron star.
Exactly how such an object formed remains a mystery." msn

NO MYSTERY: Hath in these last days spoken unto us by His Son, whom He hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also He made the worlds; Hebrews 1:2

Creation Moment 10/18/2025 - "If" & "Could"

Hath in these last days spoken unto us by His Son, 

whom He hath appointed heir of all things, 

by whom also He made the worlds; 

Hebrews 1:2

See how they write authoritatively  yet based on"If" & "Could"  

"JWST might have spotted the 'smoking gun' of a hypothetical object called a dark star in the distant Universe. If confirmed, this discovery could solve several mysteries of physics.

A dark star may sound like an oxymoron, but it would still emit light and energy. It wouldn't be powered by nuclear fusion like a garden-variety star, however – it would be running on a core of interacting dark matter particles.
Most intriguingly, though, one of the objects showed a particular light absorption feature at the wavelength of 1,640 Angstrom. 

This is considered a sure sign of dark stars, which arises from singly ionized helium in their atmospheres."

msn

Creation Moment 8/23/2025 - TOI-6894 toys with their models

TOI-6894 toys with their models......
"The star, named TOI-6894, is a red dwarf that has just 20% of theSun’s mass. Red dwarfs are the most common type of star in our

galaxy. However, it has long been believed that stars of this size don’t have enough material around them to form or hold on to giant planets. Despite this, researchers have now detected clear evidence of a giant planet, TOI-6894b, orbiting this very star. The findings appear in the journal Nature Astronomy.

TOI-6894 now holds the record as the smallest star ever found to host a transiting giant planet. Its radius is 40% smaller than any previous known host of such a planet.

This surprising find challenges established theories that small stars lack the material to form giant planets.

According to current planet formation models, giant planets are rare around small stars. This is because their protoplanetary disks — the gas and dust reservoirs from which planets form — are thought to lack the material needed to build massive cores and accrete thick gas envelopes.

Dr. Mathilde Timmermans, member of the SPECULOOS team and ULiege astronomer at the time of the discovery, noted: “The existence of TOI-6894b is hard to reconcile with existing models. None can fully explain how it formed. This shows that our understanding is incomplete, and underscores the need to find more such planets.” SciTechDaily

**But does not toy with this model of Creation---Hath in these last days spoken unto us by His Son, whom He hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also He made the worlds; Hebrews 1:2

Creation Moment 8/14/2025 - TO1-2431 b

Hath in these last days spoken unto us by His Son, whom He hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also He made the worlds; Hebrews 1:2

"Astronomers have discovered an earth-sized exoplanet, designated TOI-2431 b, that is so close to its host star that it completes a full orbit in just 5 hours and 22 minutes.

Or, to put it another way, this planet’s year is less than six hours long!

Astronomers designate exoplanets having orbital periods less than one Earth day long as ultra-short period (USP) exoplanets. Out of the approximately 6,000 known exoplanets, about 150 are confirmed USPs, and TOI-2431 b has one of the shortest of all USP periods.1,2

The intense heat received by TO1-2431 b as it orbits so closely to its host star probably means that its surface is molten lava. 

The planet is experiencing strong gravitational tugs that are noticeably deforming its shape. These tugs are also causing its orbit to decay. Eventually, these tugs will be strong enough to tear the planet apart. TOI-2431 b is “circling the drain,” both literally and figuratively. 

Conventional astronomers estimate that the time for this to happen is approximately 31 million years. As a science news article noted, “That’s perilously close to destruction, in astronomical terms, where 31 million years is only a tiny fraction of Earth’s 4.5-billion-year lifespan.”

It is for this very reason that conventional astronomers have repeatedly expressed surprise that we have been “lucky” enough to observe multiple exoplanets teetering, so to speak, so close to their eventual destruction. 

---In a universe that is supposedly billions of years old, 

Q: what are the odds that humans, who have only had the technology to discover these exoplanets for a few decades, would be fortunate enough to observe not just one but multiple such planets presently in the process of being destroyed? 

Some are hot gas giants that are rapidly losing their atmospheres and “shouldn’t exist” after billions of years. Others are rocky bodies so close to their host stars that their rocky crusts are literally being vaporized by the intense heat. It isn’t possible for such destructive processes to continue for billions of years.

Transient, fleeting phenomena are found both in deep space and within our solar system. But such short-lived phenomena make “researchers uncomfortable, because it is statistically unlikely that humans would catch any one object engaged in unusual activity – let alone several.”

Uniformitarian researchers may be uncomfortable, but creation scientists are delighted. Short-lived space phenomena are evidence of relative youth, just as one would expect since the Lord Jesus Christ created our universe just a few thousand years ago." 

ICR

Creation Moment 8/5/2025 - It doesn't fit their model because.....

It doesn't fit their model because.....It was Created / DESIGNED as it is for a purpose....Hath in these last days spoken unto us by His Son, whom He hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also He made the worlds; Hebrews 1:2

"Astronomers have confirmed the existence of a rare, retrograde-orbiting planet in a tight binary star system.
Most stars throughout the Universe are part of binary or multiple star systems. In these systems, a nearby companion star can make it difficult for planets to form and remain in stable orbits around just one of the stars.

They identified a planet orbiting in the opposite direction of its binary stars’ movement, known as a retrograde orbit, within the nu Octantis binary system.
The nu Octantis system contains two closely bound stars. The primary star, nu Oct A, is a subgiant with approximately 1.6 times the mass of the Sun. Its companion, nu Oct B, has roughly half the Sun’s mass. Together, the two stars complete an orbit around each other every 1,050 days.

This signal was consistent with the presence of a Jovian planet of about twice the mass of Jupiter orbiting around the primary star, nu Oct A, with a period of about 400 days. 

However, the existence of this planet has been controversial because its orbit would be so wide that it could only remain stable if it were retrograde and moved in the opposite direction to the orbit of the binary. There were no observational precedents for such a planet and strong theoretical grounds against its formation." 

SciTechDaily

Creation Moment 5/22/2025 - Q & A on TOI-421 b

"Although no sub-Neptunes orbit around our Sun, they are the most common type of exoplanet, or planet outside our solar system, that have been observed in the Milky Way. These compact, gas-rich worlds are often hidden beneath thick hazes, keeping their true nature out of reach—until now. Using the James Webb Space Telescope to examine the hot sub-Neptune TOI-421 b, scientists have begun to probe these planets in detail for the first time.

A key finding prior to Webb was that most sub-Neptune atmospheres had flat or featureless transmission spectra. This means that when scientists observed the spectrum of the planet as it passed in front of its host star, instead of seeing spectral features – the chemical fingerprints that would reveal the composition of the atmosphere – they saw only a flat-line spectrum. Astronomers concluded from all of those flat-line spectra that at least certain sub-Neptunes were probably very highly obscured by either clouds or hazes.

The temperature of TOI-421 b is about 1,340 degrees Fahrenheit, well above the presumed threshold. Without haze or clouds, researchers expected to see a clear atmosphere – and they did!

The lightweight hydrogen atmosphere was the big surprise to the

researchers. “We had recently wrapped our mind around the idea that those first few sub-Neptunes observed by Webb had heavy-molecule atmospheres, so that had become our expectation, and then we found the opposite,” said Kempton. This suggests TOI-421 b may have formed and evolved differently from the cooler sub-Neptunes observed previously.

The findings raise big questions: 

Q: Did TOI-421 b form differently than the cooler sub-Neptunes we’ve studied before? 

Q: Could it represent a whole new class of hot, haze-free sub-Neptunes? 

Q: Or are we simply beginning to uncover the incredible diversity of planets beyond our solar system?" 

SciTechDaily

A: You are beginning to uncover the DESIGNED incredible diversity of planets beyond our solar system. Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God,... Hebrews 11:3

Creation Moment 5/1/2025 - K2-18b

Hath in these last days spoken unto us by His Son, whom He hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also He made the worlds; Hebrews 1:2

"Exoplanet K2-18b is in the news again. I say that this exoplanet is in the news again because more than five years ago, I responded to a related news story about K2-18b.

The news then was that astronomers had detected water vapor in the atmosphere of this exoplanet. Of course, the presence of water vapor suggests the possibility of liquid water on a planet’s surface, which

we all know is a necessary ingredient for life. However, the study reported back then didn’t emphasize that much. They modeled the atmosphere, and the model indicated that the atmosphere was very cloudy. 

Furthermore, the model suggested that the atmosphere was dominated by hydrogen helium, not nitrogen as the earth’s atmosphere is. A nitrogen-based atmosphere is the gold standard for the possibility of life. 

The astronomers also noted the exoplanet’s low density, indicating that heavier elements also essential for life were probably lacking on K2-18b. Then there is K2-18b’s eccentric orbit around its star. The eccentric orbit causes a 27% change in distance from its red dwarf star, with a stunning 62% change in heating radiation over its 33-day orbit. Overall, K2-18b is not a good candidate for hosting life.

Q: So what changed? 

A: Using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the newest study on K2-18b announced the detection of dimethyl sulfide, a compound claimed can come only from living things (bacteria on earth) and hence is a biosignature. The researchers speculated much about K2-18b, suggesting that it may have a vast ocean that is teaming with life. 

However, this is a preliminary result, which awaits verification. 

--That is, the detection of dimethyl sulfide may be a false signal. 

--And even though dimethyl sulfide is confirmed in the atmosphere of K2-18b, it isn’t true that it is necessarily a biosignature.

Last year, a study reported detection of dimethyl sulfide in Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Comets hardly are places where life might exist. Furthermore, another study last year discounted dimethyl sulfide as a biosignature. A study published last year suggests that K2-18b may be a gas-rich mini-Neptune (not a super-earth) that lacks any habitable surface. Things are not looking good for life on K2-18b. 

Q: So what do I think about the detection of dimethyl sulfide on K2-18b? 

A: I think that it stinks." 

AIG

Creation Moment 2/18/2025 - 1.2 million mph

Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God... Hebrews 11:3

"The candidate planetary system, detected with the microlensing

method, is thought to move at least 1.2 million mph.
In MOA-2011-BLG-262, microlensing signals revealed a pair of celestial bodies.
The astronomers determined their relative masses (one is about 2,300 times heavier than the other), but their exact masses depend on how far away they are from Earth. Its true speed may even be high enough to exceed the Galaxy’s escape velocity of 600 km per second 1.3 million mph." 

SciNews

Creation Moment 2/3/2025 - WASP-132

"Astronomers have made a groundbreaking discovery in the WASP-132 system, finding two new planets that defy previous understandings of planetary systems.
This includes a super-Earth close to a hot Jupiter and a distant icy giant, challenging the lone orbit theory of hot Jupiters and suggesting a complex, multi-planetary dynamic.

These two exoplanets — an inner super-Earth and an outer icy giant — are located in the WASP-132 system and are reshaping our understanding of how ‘hot Jupiter’ planetary systems develop and evolve.
Hot Jupiters are massive planets, similar in size to Jupiter, but they orbit their stars much closer than Mercury orbits the Sun. Since there isn’t enough gas and dust in these close regions for such large planets to form, scientists have long believed that hot Jupiters originate farther from their star and gradually migrate inward over time.
Until now, it was widely thought that hot Jupiters exist alone in their systems, as their inward migration would push out any nearby planets. However, the discovery of two additional planets in the WASP-132 system challenges this idea.
“The WASP-132 system is a remarkable laboratory for studying the formation and evolution of multi-planetary systems. The discovery of a hot Jupiter alongside an inner super-Earth and a distant giant calls into question our understanding of the formation and evolution of these systems. This is the first time we have observed such a configuration,” says François Bouchy.
The hot Jupiter orbits its star in seven days and three hours; the super-Earth (a rocky planet six times the mass of the Earth) orbits the star in just 24 hours and 17 minutes; and the icy giant (five times the mass of Jupiter) orbits the host star in five years." 

SciTechDaily

---A better fit for the data would be Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God.... 

Hebrews 11:3

Creation Moment 12/20/2024 - NGTS-10b

Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God. Hebrews 11:3

"Astronomers have discovered a Jupiter-sized extrasolar planet (exoplanet) orbiting so close to its host star that it is “perilously close” to the distance where it can be torn apart by gravitational forces.
Astronomers call these planets “hot Jupiters” because they are rather large planets with masses comparable to that of Jupiter, and their nearness to their host stars causes them to have high temperatures.

This particular “hot Jupiter,” designated as NGTS-10b, is about

1,000 light-years from Earth.

Planets with smaller orbits take less time to go around their host stars than do planets with larger orbits.NGTS-10b orbits its host star in just 18 hours! Or to put it another way, the length of its year is less than one Earth day!

This is the shortest orbital period yet observed for an “ultra-short period” hot Jupiter planet.

Dr. Daniel Bayliss, one of the astronomers making the discovery, said,

"Everything that we know about planet formation tells us that planets and stars form at the same time. The best model that we’ve got suggests that the star is about ten billion years old and we’d assume that the planet is too. Either we are seeing it in the last stages of its life, or somehow it’s able to live here longer than it should."

The suggestion that the planet can “somehow” remain and “live” at this distance from the star “longer than it should” seems odd. 

Q: Why would astronomers not just simply accept that the planet is in its last stages of its planetary “life”? 
A: The reason involves secular astronomers’ belief in billions of years. 

Scientists estimate that hot Jupiters so close to their parent stars will be destroyed in millions of years. In this particular case, they estimate that NGTS-10b will be destroyed in 38 million years, although there is considerable scatter in this number. This is a long time, but it is only a tiny fraction of the ten billion years of this planet’s supposed lifetime. For this reason, it seems unlikely that astronomers would be “lucky” enough to observe hot Jupiters in their death throes:

"Back in 1996, when the very first hot Jupiters had been discovered, Fred Rasio (Northwestern University) and his colleagues predicted that their orbits could very slowly decay due to tidal interactions with their parent stars. However, the rapid change in WASP-12b’s orbital period implies that we’re observing the planet at the last moments [here “moment” means a million years!] of its inspiral. That might seem a rather improbable coincidence, but David Latham (Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian) says, “one such case could be the result of a lucky accident.”

Perhaps this single case is a lucky accident. However, astronomers

have detected several hot Jupiters that apparently have already started their “death spirals” into their host stars.

This is true even for hot Jupiters having periods longer than a day, such as WASP-12b. 

Some of these planets have undergone measurable decreases in the lengths of their orbital periods. 

One such hot Jupiter is thought to only have 550,000 years left before it is destroyed! And there could potentially be many more dying hot Jupiters that we simply don’t know about yet.

Dr. Bayliss noted,

"We are either very lucky to catch them [“hot Jupiters”] in this short period orbit, or the processes by which the planet migrates into the star are less efficient than we imagine, in which case it can live in this configuration for a longer period of time.”

---Clearly, multiple ultra-short period hot Jupiters this close to their host stars surprised secular astronomers. Hence, the ad hoc suggestion that they can “somehow” remain close to their host stars for long ages. 

---Of course, there is another possibility they seem unwilling to consider. Perhaps these hot Jupiters and their host stars simply are much younger than secular astronomers assume. 

If our universe is young, it wouldn’t be at all surprising to observe multiple hot Jupiters having already begun their death spirals. Their orbital decay, even when measurable, would still cause very little change in these planets’ orbits in 6,000 years, even if God originally placed them very close to their current locations.

Observations of hot Jupiters so close to their host stars makes more sense if the stars and planets are young instead of old, just as we would infer from a straightforward reading of Scripture." 

ICR

Creation Moment 8/4/2024 - Unique Epsilon Indi A

Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God.... Hebrews 11:3

"Only 12 light-years from Earth, the powerful James Webb Space Telescope has uncovered a giant planet whose mass is six times that of Jupiter. This gigantic globe is exceptionally bright and cold.

This unique world combines two opposites: brightness and cold.
The object orbits a star categorized as an orange dwarf.

Epsilon Indi A has turned out to be a cosmic monster, with a mass six times that of Jupiter—dwarfing all other known bodies in our solar system. Moreover, its brightness does not correspond with high temperature; despite its size, it is relatively cool, maintaining a temperature of about 35 degrees Fahrenheit. The distance between it and its star is 15 times that between Earth and the Sun, and a full orbit around its star takes several decades to complete." 

MS

Creation Moment 7/17/2024 - LHS 1140b: Snowball Planet

Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God... Hebrews 11:3

"LHS 1140 is a cool low-mass star approximately 39 light-years away in the constellation of Cetus.
LHS 1140 is known to host three exoplanets: LHS 1140b, LHS 1140c and LHS 1140d.

Earlier this year, astronomers reported new mass and radius estimates for LHS 1140b with exceptional accuracy, comparable to those of the well-known TRAPPIST-1 planets: 1.7 times the size of Earth and 5.6 times its mass.
An analysis of the new Webb observations strongly excluded the mini-Neptune scenario, with tantalizing evidence suggesting exoplanet LHS 1140b is a super-Earth that may even have a nitrogen-rich atmosphere.
Estimates based on all accumulated data reveal that LHS 1140b is less dense than expected for a rocky planet with an Earth-like composition, suggesting that 10 to 20% of its mass may be composed of water.
If this result is confirmed, LHS 1140b would be the first temperate planet to show evidence of a secondary atmosphere. This discovery points to LHS 1140b being a compelling water world, likely resembling a snowball or ice planet with a potential liquid ocean at the sub-stellar point, the area of the planet’s surface that would always be facing the system’s host star due to the planet’s expected synchronous rotation." 

SciNews