Scarlet fever symptoms include chills, fever, sore throat, abdominal pain, a swollen tongue, red rash, and peeling skin.
However, scientists now think that so-called “supercharged bacterial clones” have been behind the latest waves of the disease, which boasts a fatality rate of 15-20 percent.
Clues about the mysterious resurgence in a disease that was brought to the brink of extinction were found in the genome of a northeast Asian strain of A strep, or streptococcus pyogenes, one of the bacterial strains responsible for scarlet fever.
Antigens are any substance which stimulates an immune response, such as antibodies. Superantigens produce an excessive and problematic immune response.
Hidden within the strain of A strep behind the recent wave of scarlet fever outbreaks was a superantigen which gave pathogens previously unseen access to the host’s cells.
This entirely new means of inflicting damage diverges greatly from the historical strain that ravaged Western Europe in the past.