And the Spirit & the bride say, come.... Reveaaltion 22:17

And the Spirit & the bride say, come.... Reveaaltion 22:17
And the Spirit & the bride say, come...Revelation 22:17 - May We One Day Bow Down In The DUST At HIS FEET ...... {click on blog TITLE at top to refresh page}---QUESTION: ...when the Son of man cometh, shall he find faith on the earth? LUKE 18:8

Sunday, April 28, 2024

What do Swine, Lucifer & Lakes have in common?

Fate of the Swine cast into a Lake
Now there was there nigh unto the mountains a great herd of swine feeding. And all the devils besought Him, saying,
Send us into the swine, that we may enter into them.
And forthwith Jesus gave them leave.
Then went the devils out of the man, and entered into the swine: and the herd ran violently down a steep place into the lake,
and were choked.

Mark 5:11-12/Luke 8:33

Fate of Lucifer cast into a Lake 
And the devil that deceived them
was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone....
Revelation 20:10
Spiritual WARNING on things of that "SWINE"
The SWINE: 
And the swine,...he is unclean to you.
Of their flesh shall ye not eat,
and their carcase shall ye not touch;
they are unclean to you.
Leviticus 11:7,8

That Lucifer:
Q: And what accord has Christ with Belial?
Q: Or what part has a believer with an unbeliever?
Q: And what agreement hath the temple of God with idols?
for ye are the temple of the living God;
as God hath said, I will dwell in them, and walk in them;
and I will be their God, and they shall be My people.
Wherefore come out from among them,
and be ye separate, saith the Lord,
and touch not the unclean thing;
and I will receive you,
2 Corinthians 6:15-17
Things of that Unclean "Swine" Lucifer:
Love not the world,
neither the things that are in the world.
If any man love the world,
the love of the Father is not in him.
For all that is in the world,
the lust of the flesh,
and the lust of the eyes,
and the pride of life,
is not of the Father, 
but is of the world.
1 John 2:15,16

The ties that bind

The children gather wood, 
and the fathers kindle the fire, 
and the women knead their dough, 
to make cakes to the queen of heaven, 
and to pour out drink offerings unto other gods, 
that they may provoke me to anger. 
Jeremiah 7:18

"Though not generally recognized, it is nevertheless a fact that Spiritualism and Romanism are but different phases of one gigantic system of error. 

Both are paganism
--the former pure and simple, 
--while the latter has a slight admixture of formal Christianity. 
They are, however, equally antichristian, 
--for the one absolutely denies Christ, 
--while the other gives to the Virgin and to the “saints” the honor which belongs alone to Christ. 
Both are alike dependent, also, for their very existence upon the doctrine of the natural immortality of the soul." 
E.J. Waggoner

Creation Moment 4/29/2024 - Job's Astronomy Series: Orion

Canst thou .... loose the bands of Orion? Job 38:31

"God once again challenged Job, this time to “loose the bands of Orion.” God was referencing the “belt” of Orion; the three stars forming the linear “band” at Orion’s waist. 
God appeared to be challenging Job in just the opposite way he had in the first portion of the verse. 
*Rather than bind the Pleiades, God challenged Job to loosen Orion. It’s as if He was saying, “Hey Job, you think you can loosen Orion’s belt? Well, I can!” 
Orion’s belt is formed by two stars (Alnilam, and Mintaka) and one star cluster (Alnitak). Alnitak is actually a triple star system at the eastern edge of Orion’s belt
These stars (along with all the other stars forming Orion) are not gravitationally bound like those in Pleiades. Instead, the stars of Orion’s belt are heading in different directions. 
Garrett P. Serviss, a noted astronomer, wrote about the bands of Orion in his book, Curiosities of the Sky: “The great figure of Orion appears to be more lasting, not because its stars are physically
connected, but because of their great distance, which renders their movements too deliberate to be exactly ascertained. Two of the greatest of its stars,
Betelgeuse and Rigel, possess, as far as has been ascertained, no perceptible motion across the line of sight, but there is a little movement perceptible in the ‘Belt.’ At the present time this consists of an almost perfect straight line, a row of second-magnitude stars about equally spaced and of the most striking beauty. In the course of time, however, the two right-hand stars, Mintaka and Alnilam will approach each other and form a naked-eye double, but the third, Alnita, will drift away eastward, so that the ‘Belt’ will no longer exist
.” 
Unlike the Pleaides clusters, the stars in the band of Orion do not share a common trajectory. 
In the course of time, Orion’s belt will be loosened just as God told Job."
J.W. Wallace

Saturday, April 27, 2024

IN the NEWS - Climate CULT Threat

Greasing those skids for Laudato Si'.......who knows if he will really go full Climate Cult before the election OR if he is just trying to rev up his flailing base and change the subject for the news cycle....time will tell.....

"President Joe Biden is considering declaring a national climate emergency and giving himself emergency war-like powers
This would grant the president significant authority to use emergency powers to combat climate change without the help of the US Congress.

Joe Biden would have Covid-like authority if he declared a climate emergency. Remember that during the Covid-19 pandemic, governments all over the world-imposed restrictions on our
freedoms, including stay-at-home orders, travel bans, bans on public gatherings and religious services, censorship of viewpoints that were deemed unpopular, restrictions on our right to privacy and freedom of expression, and financial hardships brought on by the closure of businesses that resulted in the loss of jobs and revenue.


If this were to happen, it wouldn’t have anything to do with climate change. All of this has to do with the illicit transfer of wealth and total control. Bible prophecy declares that the lamb-like nature of governments will be transformed into a dragon that will rule through oppression and terror." 
AdventMessnger

And I beheld another beast coming up out of the earth; and he had two horns like a lamb, and he spake as a dragon.
And he had power to give life unto the image of the beast, that the image of the beast should both speak, and cause that as many as would not worship the image of the beast should be killed.”
And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads.”
And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name.

Revelation 13:11,15-17

Papal Notes - Is Francis about to "fornicate" with Biden?

With whom the kings of the earth have committed fornication, and the inhabitants of the earth have been made drunk with the wine of her fornication. Revelation 17:2
Q: Is this a coordinated effort between the Biden White House and the "Holy See" in Rome? (This week Biden threatens to declare a "Climate Emergency" and Pope Francis does his first ever American TV sit down interview calling for the same thing and lashing out at opponents as "stupid".)
Q: Coincidences or Coordinated Politics?
Q: Are the Beast Entity and one of the Kings of the earth about to
spiritually "
fornicate" over "Mother Earth"?
-----Now maybe nothing will come of this. This could just be Biden trying to change the subject for the news cycle while struggling with record low Presidential approval ratings a few months before an election and Francis taking advantage of all this talk of a "climate crises" emergency power grab by Biden to just push his agenda.
Time will tell.......

"Pope Francis told CBS News this week that climate change deniers
are “stupid” to refute compelling evidence of a climate emergency.

Some people are stupid (necios), and stupid even if you show them research, they don’t believe it,” the pontiff told CBS Evening News anchor Norah O’Donnell when asked what he would say to the deniers of climate change.

Pope Francis had never before sat down for an extensive interview, one-on-one, with a U.S. television network during the course of his 11-year pontificate.

CBS aired portions of the interview Wednesday night on the Evening
News and has scheduled a longer version to air May 20 on “60 Minutes,” followed by an hourlong prime time special.


Pope Francis has been a vocal enthusiast for the war on climate change, calling global warming “one of the most serious and worrying phenomena of our time” and urging “drastic measures” to combat climate change.

Now is the time to abandon our dependence on fossil fuels and
move, quickly and decisively, towards forms of clean energy and a sustainable and circular economy
,” he exhorted in September 2019. “Let us also learn to listen to indigenous peoples, whose age-old wisdom can teach us how to live in a better relationship with the environment.”


He has expressed his opinion that any skepticism regarding an alleged “climate emergency” is “perverse.”

The pope has also singled out the United States as particularly to blame for the “climate emergency,” despite the fact that it is one of the countries with the cleanest air in the world." 
Breitbart

PENTECOST: Glossolalia or Xenoglossia?

"The original gift of tongues was the power to preach the gospel fluently in a language that the speaker had never learned or known in any way.

xenoglossia
 speaking in tongues” —that is, speaking in a language which one has never learned or known.
Note —The term xenoglossia is defined in Chambers’s dictionary as
the spontaneous use of a language which the speaker has never heard or learned.” From Greek, xeno strange, glossa tongue.”

This phenomena, which can rightly be described as “the gift of tongues”, is the ability to speak fluently a language one has never studied, had any exposure to, or “known” in any natural sense.

glossolalia ecstatic utterances” —that is, uttering language-like but unintelligible sounds usually in a state of elation.
Note —The term “glossolalia” is defined in Chambers’s dictionary as “the phenomena of spontaneously uttering unintelligible sounds believed to form part of an unknown language or languages.” From Greek, glossa tongue, laleein to talk.
There are two components to this phenomena, neither of which is
miraculous.

Utterance of language-like sounds. There is nothing extraordinary about this. Even children, before they speak a real language, chatter away in imitation of language, yet unintelligibly. Anybody can do this.
Ecstasy, trance-like elation. There is nothing extraordinary about this either. It is harder to do on purpose than the first component, however anybody can do it without using drugs.

Now let us examine the Biblical description of "speaking in tongues" to see which, if any, of these two phenomena match that description.

The true Pentecostal tongues, spoken by the apostles, are described by the very people who heard them: "We each hear in our own language in which we were born.Acts 2:8 NKJV

In church I would rather speak five words with my mind in order to instruct others, than ten thousand words in a tongue... 
---Tongues are a sign not for believers 
but for unbelievers
---while prophecy is a sign not for unbelievers 
but for believers. 
1 Corinthians 14:19,22 CSB."
simplybible.com

SCAM ALERT - Joseph Z & his "Voice Activation" of Angels

--SCAM ALERT--

On the "Christian" Mystics program Sid Roth It's Supernatural he hosted Joseph Z who claims to be able to teach you Human Voice Activation of angels. Yes---VOICE ACTIVATION OF ANGELS.
He claims when YOU quote the Bible the angels will "snap to attention" to carry out your commands. 
Joseph Z claims that he first had contact with angels when he was casting out a demon from a witch. He claims that basically she got body slammed by angels and the demons fled.
He then quotes chapter numbers from Psalms claiming that a viewer out there has pain in their stomach and someone with cancer will be healed at that moment at home by his commanding of angels to intervene (of course there was no one to record in viewers homes to see if any of this happened--of course).
Naturally he would teach you all this for $29--for both his book Servants of Fire and his Prophetic Insight DVD.
He claims that people who read his book have "trances" and "visions" as a result.
He then claims people come up with sensational stories in religion to mislead..... Uhmmm.......

In their greed they will make up clever lies
to get hold of your money.
But God condemned them long ago,....
2 Peter 2:3

Creation Moment 4/28/2024 - Job's Astronomy Series: Pleiades

Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades... Job 38:31

"God challenged Job’s ability to “bind the sweet influences of Pleiades.” 
It’s as if He was saying, “Hey Job, you think you can keep Pleiades
together? Well, I can
!” 
As it turns out, the Pleiades (also known as the Seven Sisters) is an open star cluster in the constellation of Taurus. 
It is classified as an open cluster because it is a group of hundreds of stars formed from the same cosmic cloud.
Most importantly, they are bound to one another by mutual gravitational attraction. 

Isabel Lewis of the United States Naval Observatory (quoted by Phillip L. Knox in Wonder Worlds) said, “Astronomers have
identified 250 stars as actual members of this group, all sharing in a common motion and drifting through space in the same direction
.” Lewis said they are “journeying onward together through the immensity of space.” 
Dr. Robert J. Trumpler (quoted in the same book) said, “Over 25,000 individual measures of the Pleiades stars are now available, and their study led to the important discovery that the whole cluster is moving in a southeasterly direction. The Pleiades stars may thus be compared to a swarm of birds, flying together to a distant goal. This leaves no doubt that the Pleiades are not a temporary or accidental agglomeration of stars, but a system in which the stars are bound together by a close kinship.” 

From our perspective on Earth, the Pleiades will not change in appearance; these stars are marching together in formation toward the same destination, bound in unison, just as God described them."
J.W. Wallace

Friday, April 26, 2024

Our Sowing

I the LORD search the heart, 
I try the reins, even to 
---give every man according to his ways
---and according to the fruit of his doings.
Q: How?
Be not deceived; 
God is not mocked: 
A: for whatsoever a man soweth
---that shall he also reap.
2 Kinds of Sowing in this world/life:
---For he that soweth to his flesh shall of the flesh reap corruption; 
---but he that soweth to the Spirit shall of the Spirit reap life everlasting.
SUMMARY:
Although God is sovereign----
He apparently believes in FREE WILL
Jeremiah 17:10/Galatians 6:7,8

SDA Issues - Will the modern day "Hitler Youth" show up on our Campuses?

In light of the anti-semetic, pro-IslamoFascist protests erupting on radicalized American college campuses: 
Q: Has the Church thought about what to do IF they take place on our campuses?
Modern day "Hitler Youth"

Q: Do they have a plan?
Q: How will they respond if and when these modern "Hitler Youth" show up?
After WW2 and the Holocaust of Jews the world said "Never Again"
---Apparently some youth after Holocaust 2.0 on Oct.7 of last year have changed their minds.
From the Headlines:
@Anti-Israel Protesters Establish Encampment at George Washington University
@Columbia Student Protester Says ‘Zionists Don’t Deserve to Live’
@USC Cancels Main Graduation Ceremony After Anti-Israel Protests
@DeSantis: Unruly Anti-Jewish, Pro-Hamas Protesters Will Be Expelled from Florida Universities
@Republican Senators Demand Biden Officials ‘Protect Jewish Students,’ ‘Restore Order’ at Colleges
@Poll: Nearly Half of Gen Z Voters Are Sympathetic Toward Hamas
@Columbia Moves to Virtual Classes as Pro-Palestinian Protests Erupt
@University protests over Israel-Hamas war lead to more clashes between police and demonstrators
@Anti-Israel Event at Columbia University Featured Speakers Who Praised Hamas
@College tent encampments protest Israel-Hamas war in Evanston, Ill., Los Angeles and Philadelphia
@Jewish students assaulted and Hillel targeted at Ohio State, prompting state to beef up police presence
.....they which lead thee cause thee to err, 
and destroy the way of thy paths. 
Isaiah 3:12

IN the NEWS - Irony of Wickedness: Making of Strange "bedfellows."

Ye have plowed wickedness, 
ye have reaped iniquity; 
ye have eaten the fruit of lies
Hosea 10:13

The making of strange bedfellows among the wicked---Islamo-Fascists joined by LGBT crossdressers.......

bedfellow
a person or thing closely associated with another : ally

"Amherst, MA - Valley Families for Palestine puts on ‘Queer Storytime for Palestine’ in which toddlers are recorded chanting “Free Palestine”. 

The harsh reality-- Members of the LGBTQ+ community are often murdered in Gaza and other Palestinian areas such as Ramallah.

The encounter, which unfolded at a “Queer Storytime for Palestine” event organized by the Valley Families for Palestine group in Amherst last week, had gone viral by Thursday as outrage mounted.

Today what we’re going to do is shout ‘Free Palestine.’ Can I hear that?” the drag queen, known as “Lil Miss Hot Mess,” was filmed telling the children in the 30-second clip.
If you’re a drag queen and you know it, and you really want to show it, if you’re a drag queen and you know it, shout ‘Free Palestine.'”
The kids could be heard mimicking the drag queen by repeatedly chanting, “Free Palestine.”

--Furious critics were quick to point out the hypocrisy of a drag queen touting the phrase given the harsh treatment of LGBTQ people in Gaza.
Often times members of the LGBTQ+ community seek refuge in Israel as their lives are endangered and their families excommunicate them. 
Q: Were these children taught these points?" 
NYP

Creation Moment 4/27/2024 - Deceitfulness of scientism

The heart is deceitful above all things.... Jeremiah 17:9

"Believers in scientism flaunt the virtue of science as being a “self-correcting process.” They portray the scientific method as approaching an asymptotic limit, where each correction brings the scientist, while unable to claim absolute truth, at least closer and closer to the truth. 
Q: But what if science in practice is more like Brownian motion? 
Q: And to what extent do human frailties factor into the view of self-correction? 
Let’s look at some recent science news to flesh out these questions.

Proof of biased behavior of Normalized Mutual Information (Mahmoudi and Jemielniak, Nature Scientific Reports, 19 April 2024). For those willing to wade through pages of abstruse derivations, this paper claims to have proved that a widely-used method for assessing community networks is inherently biased and misleading. This is not a small matter:

"Community detection (CD) within social networks has emerged as a pivotal area of research, given its potential to unravel intricate patterns of interaction and group dynamics. It is used in many
disciplines, including biology, criminology, economics, and urban planning, to mention just a few examples. In particular, this topic has also emerged as a critical field in the battle against disinformation. Social networks are often the primary conduits for the spread of disinformation, with communities within these networks playing a significant role in the dissemination and amplification of misleading content. By identifying and understanding these communities, we can gain valuable insights into the dynamics of disinformation spread, enabling more effective interventions. It is essential, as the rapid spread of medical, political, social, as well as scientific misinformation and disinformation are among the greatest civilization challenges of our times.
"

This means that one of the primary sources of scientific data leading to policies of censorship in social media has come from a flawed method of detecting mis/disinformation! 
Consider the irony: NMI (normalized mutual information) has been used to evaluate the source and spread of disinformation – but the method itself produces disinformation
Q: Have scientists been inadvertently lying about who is lying?" 
CEH

Thursday, April 25, 2024

The "2 Israels" SIMPLIFIED

"There's the Israel of the flesh (1 Corinthians 10:18) and the Israel of God centered in Jesus (Galatians 6:14-16).
That's not some arbitrary nation state that was founded in 1948. 
It's a spiritual experience through Jesus Christ. 

In Romans 9:6, Paul says 
They're not all Israel which are of Israel.” 
There's two Israels. 
The Israel of the Flesh and the Israel of God
Paul's very clear that the Israel of God is made up of Jews who believe in Jesus, like Matthew and John, Peter, James (who became part of the Israel of God) and Gentiles (non-jews) who also believe in Jesus
Jews and Gentiles who believe in Jesus are all together—we become the Seed of Abraham by faith (Galatians 3:29). 

***Centered in Jesus Christ, all the Old Testament prophecies now apply to the Israel of God in Jesus Christ—not to the Israel of the flesh who can just trace their lineage back to Abraham but who don't believe in Jesus." 
Steve Wohlberg

Creation Moment 4/26/2024 - God’s attributes as seen through Math

For the invisible things of Him since the creation of the world 
--are clearly seen, 
--being perceived through the things that are made, 
even His everlasting power and divinity
that they may be without excuse
Romans 1:20 HNV

"What’s remarkable about the reality of universals as proof for God’s existence is that it points in a simple and clear way to some of God’s attributes, such as infinity, eternity, and omnipotence.

The Mind that contains them must itself be infinite.
*Because the Mind in which natural numbers exists is infinite, it is also omnipotent. 
*Limitations on power are finite and are inconsistent with an infinite Mind.

Because numbers exist independently of the material universe, they are eternal (e.g., the truth that 1+1=2 is independent of time) and thus the Mind that contains them is eternal.
Because mathematics can show infinity, eternity, and omnipotence, it can only have proceeded from a mind with those characteristics. That’s God."
UncommonDescent

Wednesday, April 24, 2024

On the Streets of Babylon: $750 a month FRAUDS spotted on the Streets

Babylon is fallen, is fallen,..
Come out of her, my people,
Revelation 14:8/18:4


There seems to be "
$750 a month Frauds" seen roaming the Streets of Babylon...

"Ian Carroll is the founder of Building Contenders, a ministry part of Bethel Church’s Leadership Network. He and his wife “walk
alongside senior leaders of churches
” to help folks “activate the supernatural, build kingdom foundations, and partner with heaven.

Crucially, his ministry is “known for manifestations of heaven, catalytic culture shift, and biblical teachings on the spiritual realm” where he claims to be an Apostle sent to “reform, revive and align the church into maturity.
He and his wife also “pioneer regional intensives all over the United States to raise up Apostles and Prophets” and sell courses and training on how to have mystical encounters, including dream and vision interpretation. Not a cheap service, prayers cost $120 for a 30-minute session, $750 for a month, or $7500 for the entire year. What a deal!
In a newly unearthed video, Carroll can be seeing explaining that he recently interviewed a real angel for his new book, Seeing the Glory: A Journey into the Mystical Realm, where the angel tells him all about heaven and the various spiritual mysteries therein.
.... the 135 page book is only available as an e-book, has a 7 reviews, and is ranked #1,122,631 on the Kindle store." 
Protestia

IN the NEWS - U.N. goes all Gen. 6:5 (Literally)

And GOD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually. Genesis 6:5

"A disturbing new report from the United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) adds to growing concerns about global leaders pushing to normalize pedophilia
The report “The 8 March Principles for a Human Rights-Based Approach to Criminal Law Proscribing Conduct Associated with Sex, Reproduction, Drug Use, HIV, Homelessness and Poverty” on the UNAIDS website offers legal guidance on issues related to sex, including involving children under age 18. Without any discussion about what the age of consent should be, the report suggests minors can consent to having sex with an adult.

Sexual conduct involving persons below the domestically prescribed minimum age of consent to sex may be consensual in fact, if not in law,” the report states.....It also advises lawyers, judges and law enforcement to consider “the rights and capacity of persons under 18 years of age to make decisions about engaging in consensual sexual conduct and their right to be heard in matters concerning them” when considering enforcement of laws about sex with minors.

The report continues: “Pursuant to their evolving capacities and
progressive autonomy, persons under 18 years of age should participate in decisions affecting them, with due regard to their age, maturity and best interests, and with specific attention to non-discrimination guarantees.
”....In other words the report calls for sex between adults and minors to be decriminalized, so long as the minors ‘consent’ … Minors, of course, cannot truly consent to sex with an adult — something these so-called experts should know. The forward to the report was written by a “proudly gay” lawyer, Edwin Cameron of South Africa, who argued that laws about sex can make people feel ostracized because of their sexual behavior." 
LifeNews

Creation Moment 4/25/2024 - RNA World hypothesis Falls Apart

For by him were all things created, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible.... Colossians 1:16
"Leading origin-of-life researcher Gerald Joyce recently published a scientific paper in PNAS, “RNA-catalyzed evolution of catalytic RNA,” that purportedly showcases a breakthrough that he and his team achieved in understanding how life could have originated through natural processes. The Washington Post describes the research in an article titled “‘Monumental’ experiment suggests how life on Earth may have started.” They say:
"The scientists overcame perhaps the greatest barrier to the plausibility of the RNA World theory. Up to now, no RNA molecule in the lab had succeeded in making copies of another RNA that were both sufficiently accurate and functional."

Unfortunately, the lauding of Joyce’s research in this and similar puff pieces is pure hype. Joyce’s results only further demonstrate the
absolute necessity of intelligent agency in life’s origin.

Many origins researchers have been guided by the RNA World hypothesis that Joyce describes as follows:
At the outset, RNA replication is likely to have occurred as a non-enzymatic process by which RNA templates were copied to yield complementary strands, which in turn were copied to yield additional copies of the starting templates. Sequence variation would have arisen due to imperfect copying fidelity, and those variants that replicated most efficiently would have grown to dominate the population, until new variants with even greater fitness arose. At some point during the early history of RNA-based evolution, it is thought that RNA evolved the ability to catalyze its own replication, acting as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

The basic logic is that nucleotides formed on the early earth and then linked together into long chains known as RNA. Some RNA served
as templates that were “copied” (i.e., transcribed) by other RNA known as polymerases to form the template RNAs’ complementary sequences. 
For instance, AAUUCCGG would be transcribed into the reverse of UUAAGGCC, which is CCGGAAUU. The sequence is reversed due to the structure of RNA. The complementary sequences were then transcribed back into new copies of the original RNA templates. Over time, some RNA evolved the ability to perform biologically useful functions; such catalytic RNA are termed ribozymes. Eventually, an RNA molecule evolved the ability to accurately copy itself.

Joyce’s Experiment
Joyce’s team and other researchers have attempted to reconstruct this scenario experimentally. Bartel and Szostak (1993) generated a large pool of random RNA sequences and then isolated RNA ligases –
RNA that join two RNA molecules. Joyce and other researchers started with an RNA ligase and applied 52 rounds of “directed evolution” to generate RNA that could copy other RNA (i.e., polymerases). Most rounds included generating trillions of variants with randomly altered nucleotides and then selecting the RNA that most accurately and quickly transcribed RNA templates. Some rounds included adding additional nucleotides to the sequence.


In the latest study, Joyce and his team started with the 52-round polymerase and then applied an additional 18 rounds of modifications. The new polymerase could transcribe a hammerhead ribozyme and its complement with approximately 90 percent accuracy. Hammerhead ribozymes break an RNA molecule into two fragments. The investigators used the polymerase to generate copies of the hammerhead ribozyme and then isolated and reproduced those copies that functioned. The ribozymes remained functional after several generations of copying, so the investigators claimed to have demonstrated that a system of RNAs could persist through Darwinian evolution.

The Washington Post article asserts:
"Although the experiments in the new paper took two years, it has taken Joyce and his colleagues closer to 10 years to set the stage, patiently raising generation upon generation of RNA molecules. Should the scientists succeed in generating an RNA that can copy itself, evolution could then proceed largely on its own."

*The truth is again the exact opposite of what is claimed.
Generating the latest polymerase required investigator intervention at every step:
--The investigators started with high concentrations of ultrapure
nucleotide triphosphates (i.e., activated nucleotides). Rice University professor of chemistry James Tour has detailed the implausibility of nucleotides originating on the early Earth in even a miniscule fraction of the concentration and purity required to generate long RNA.

--The investigators generated the polymerases at each step by linking nucleotides using the machinery of modern cells. The latest polymerase is 182 nucleotides in length. Yet RNA composed of even a few dozen nucleotides could not have emerged on the early Earth since nucleotides would far more likely have bound to other molecules than to each other.
--Joyce’s team, not nature, selected after each round of modifications the polymerases that best performed the target function.
The polymerases could only transcribe template RNAs if primers were added that initiated the replication process. A primer is a
specific sequence of nucleotides that binds to the end of an RNA template. A polymerase starts with the primer and continues to add nucleotides to it until the complementary RNA is completed.

The replication process required careful orchestration of the experimental conditions including adjustments in temperature and the addition of the right supporting molecules at the right time. All such experiments require precise protocols.
Each round of modifications started with polymerases and primers in concentrations corresponding to tens of trillions of RNA per milliliter of water. If the concentration dropped below a million RNA per milliliter, the rate at which RNA decomposed would greatly exceed the rate at which RNA was copied. All polymerases would degrade long before even a tiny fraction of the templates was copied.

--Expanding on the last point, an upper bound to the concentration threshold for maintaining RNA replication directly follows from Joyce’s experimental procedure. The average time required for the polymerases to replicate a template was over one hour, and the half-life for the bonds connecting the nucleotides in RNA is on the order of years. Since polymerases are over 100 nucleotides in length, nearly all of them would break apart within a few months. The copy rate scales linearly with polymerase concentration, so the starting concentration could not drop below a billion polymerases per milliliter before the replication rate dropped below the degradation rate. A million RNA per milliliter greatly underestimates the threshold, but the probability of even a dozen polymerases residing within the same milliliter of water at any time in Earth’s history is beyond remote.

To summarize, polymerases could only have emerged on the early Earth if Joyce’s team and his laboratory were transported back in time to direct the entire process

Death Blow to RNA World
--Ironically, even ignoring all these challenges, Joyce’s experiment still does not support the plausibility of the RNA World hypothesis
--Instead, it completely discredits it. 
The probability for an RNA to form of a certain length decreases
exponentially with the length. The hammerhead ribozyme is only 34 nucleotides while polymerase ribozymes are significantly longer than 100 nucleotides. In general, ribozymes that destroy RNA can be much smaller than ribozymes that copy RNA, so they are far more likely to appear through any RNA generating process.


In addition
--Joyce’s latest polymerase transcribed RNA with an accuracy of approximately 90 percent per nucleotide. Joyce demonstrated that this fidelity is sufficient to maintain multiple generations of functional hammerhead ribozymes. 
--But an accuracy of over 97 percent is required to maintain functional polymerases. This result further demonstrates that destructive RNA is far easier to generate than polymerases. Leading origins expert Steven Benner calls this challenge the probability paradox. Any random library of RNA would include far more destructive RNA than polymerases. Consequently, even if a system of replicating RNA miraculously appeared, the polymerases would quickly disappear, and every RNA would then degrade into simpler molecules.

If the Washington Post author fully understood Joyce’s research, he would have summarized it more like the following:
"Gerald Joyce’s latest research conclusively overturns the RNA World hypothesis. It demonstrates that the origin of RNA that can copy other RNA requires starting with conditions that could never have occurred on the early Earth and enacting carefully
orchestrated experimental procedures that would have no parallel in nature. His team had to employ the molecular machinery of modern cells to constantly create new RNA, and they had to select and copy those RNA that performed target functions. Even after over ten years of carefully engineering an RNA that could copy other RNAs, that RNA could only effectively copy RNAs that broke apart other RNAs. It could not copy itself with sufficient accuracy for functional copiers to persist for more than a few generations.
Joyce’s results demonstrate that no evolving systems of RNAs could ever have existed. Leading origins researcher Lee Cronin would likely classify any claim that such research could help explain life’s origin as a “scam.

EN&V/BrianMiller