ARCHAEOLOGY: What DA's tell us......

"The period of the Ice Age, called the Pleistocene, presents many

puzzles for secular scientists. Plants and animals from widely different climates or environments are found together in Ice Age deposits. These are called ‘disharmonious associations’ (DAs).

Probably the most striking example of a DA during the Ice Age is the association of hippopotamus fossils with reindeer, musk oxen, and woolly mammoths in England, France, and Germany. So far about 100 of these associations have been discovered in England and Wales. Hippos are intolerant of the cold. Sutcliffe states:

"Finding conditions so favorable, the hippopotamus (today an inhabitant of the equatorial regions) had been able to spread northwards throughout most of England and Wales, up to an altitude of 400 meters on the now bleak Yorkshire [northern England] moors."

---The wide variety of Ice Age animals found in England indicates that early in the Ice Age, there must have been an easy passage between what is now France and England. 

---This was likely a land bridge in the location of the Dover Strait.

Secular scientists attempt to dodge the implications of DAs. Since they believe in multiple ice ages, one strategy is placing the hippos and other warmth-adapted creatures into the ‘interglacial’ phases and the cold-tolerant animals into the ‘glacial’ phases. (We supposedly live in an interglacial called the Holocene.)

Much to secularists’ consternation, warm- and cold-loving animal types are often found together in Ice Age sediments, making it difficult to separate them into glacial and interglacial inhabitants.

Disharmonious associations were the ‘rule’ and not the exception during the Ice Age, and included a wide variety of flora and fauna:

"Late Pleistocene [Ice Age] communities were characterized by the coexistence of species that today are allopatric [live in different regions not climatically associated] and presumably ecologically incompatible. … Disharmonious associations have been documented for late Pleistocene floras … terrestrial invertebrates … lower vertebrates, birds, and mammals."

DAs can only occur in an equable climate, one with little seasonal contrast between winters and summers.

One reason DAs remain a mystery for uniformitarian scientists is that in their models, the ice ages would have been very cold. Many climate simulations have been run. They all give temperatures much colder than today, generally by 10°C (18°F) or more, and greater dryness south of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets.

"One of the longest-running philosophical debates in paleoecological interpretations concerns the importance of mixed, or disharmonious, assemblages which represent past communities with no modern analog. These mixed assemblages challenge our world views. … Mixed assemblages are usually explained by invoking past climates more “equable” than that of today."

The Ice Age caused by the Genesis Flood explains the most striking DA—hippopotamuses associated with cold-tolerant animals in northwest Europe. Early in the Ice Age a warm, moist onshore air flow pushed by predominantly westerly winds off a warm North Atlantic Ocean would result in a warm, wet climate over northwest Europe. England may have averaged 25°C (77°F) in winter and summer. This mild climate would be congenial for hippos spreading from the “mountains of Ararat” (Genesis 8:4) in the Middle East.

But the post-Flood Ice Age climate was dynamic and ever-changing.

As the ocean cooled and volcanism decreased, the land temperatures cooled. In Northwest Europe late in the Ice Age, the cooler and drier climate attracted cold-tolerant animals. Hippos likely could not migrate south, because the land bridge between England and France at the Dover Strait was destroyed by a catastrophic local flood.

he strange mix of plants and animals that lived together during the Ice Age is another of the many puzzles that have persisted for 150 years for scientists who ignore the Biblical Flood. But, once again, realistic analysis using a Genesis-based model of Earth history gives simple, solid answers to those puzzles." 

CMI

Life in the Post-Flood Ice Age

Now these are the generations of the sons of Noah, 

Shem, Ham, and Japheth: 

and unto them were sons born after the flood.  

Genesis 10:1

"Conditions for travel by both people and animals were affected by the Ice Age, which occurred after the Flood as the result of two unrepeatable conditions.

1. The oceans contained warm water because of widespread exposure to magma, volcanic eruptions, and recently released
   
   hot subterranean water. The warm waters easily evaporated and formed clouds, producing massive amounts of snow during the winter months and frequent rains during the summer months.
2. The summer months were often cooler than usual because large amounts of volcanic ash in the air from widespread volcanic eruptions blocked the sun’s rays. The cooler temperatures of summer only allowed a partial melting of each year’s winter snows, so ice packs began to build up on the land. The persistence of warm oceans and cool summer temperatures resulted in more and more ice accumulations outside the temperate regions.

--The accumulation of ice eventually became so massive that sea levels became lower. 

--This exposed more and more of the continental shelf as dry land. Numerous islands, peninsulas, and land bridges became visible above the ocean levels. The Siberian land bridge allowed many animals and people to walk across dry land from northern Asia to North America. There were likely many other land bridges to places such as Australia and the British Islands. 

It’s easy to see from the pyramid belt and other remains of cities that the first civilizations were in the temperate regions of the earth. At this time, there would have been many well-watered places with rich soils in which to establish their communities. 

 

Hunters and explorers are bound to have explored the frozen regions

of the earth, but these inhospitable areas were not suitable places for building large cities.    

During the Ice Age, people began to build cities, temples, and other structures near the seashores. Then eventually, the conditions causing the Ice Age began to reverse. Ocean temperatures cooled, ice sheets melted, and ocean levels rose. The manmade structures that existed near the sea were gradually covered with water, and many islands disappeared beneath the ocean.

 

Architectural remains of stairs, level rock foundations, sculptures, columns, and other manmade structures are found around the earth on the continental shelves and in shallow seas. Archeologists often attribute their underwater positions to earthquakes or tectonic plate movements. 

*However, an even more logical explanation is that when the Ice Age was ending, the ocean levels began to gradually rise."

CC

Glimpse into the Post Flood / Pre-Babel Topography

The Ice Age, probably lasting a few hundred years after the flood, served a purpose before the exit to Babel and elsewhere.

---Think about it. It gave time for foliage, fruit bearing plants and

edible vegetation to expand on its watered heels. It gave time for the melting to produce rivers needed by traversing humans of the planet to access as well as craving out lakes.

It also gave time for animals to multiply and populate the earth--both for their own purposes---and for a food supply for humans,

As for the earth being off it's axis causing it's "tilt", which produces our weather patterns, much harsher than the luscious pre-Flood world, would be due to the asteroid bombardment of the planet that likely busted apart the global tectonic plate and the great deep bursting forth., ...the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened. Gen. 7:11

Also, those following the receding ice sheets likely are the ones who lived in caves for shelter (hence the evolutionary myth of the "cave man").

The warmer riverbeds made sense for the first civilizations to flourish---to establish an organized fertile farm, population growth and organized government (Euphrates-Tigris, Nile, Yellow & Indus river valleys).

In the below article from ZeroHedge, if one can look past any long age evolutionary timescales, one can get a glimpse of the post-Flood / pre-Babel world....

 

"What did the world look like during the last ice age? 

Was it all endless glaciers and frozen ice?  

The answer is a partial yes—with some interesting caveats.

This map by cartographer Perrin Remonté offers a snapshot of the Earth from that time, using data of past sea levels and glaciers from research published in 2009, 2014, and 2021, alongside modern-day topographical data.

Several large animals like the woolly mammoth, the mastodon, the giant beaver, and the saber-toothed tiger roamed the world in

extremely harsh conditions, but sadly all are extinct today.

During an ice age, sea levels fall as ocean water that evaporates is stored on land on a large scale (ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers) instead of returning to the ocean.

Water levels in the ocean were more than 400 feet below what they are now, exposing large areas of the continental shelf.

In the map above, these areas are represented as the gray, dry land most noticeable in a few big patches in Southeast Asia and between Russia and Alaska.

The Bering land bridge, now a strait, connecting Asia and North America. It is central to the theory explaining how ancient humans crossed between the two continents.

In Japan, the low water level made the Sea of Japan a lake, and a land bridge connected the region to the Asian mainland. 

Most of Canada and Northern Europe was covered with large ice

sheets. The U.S. was a mix of ice sheets, alpine deserts, snow forests, semi-arid scrubland and temperate grasslands. 

Africa had a mix of grasslands in its southern half and deserts in the north—the Sahara Desert existed then as well—and Asia was a mix of tropical deserts in the west, alpine deserts in China, and grasslands in the Indian subcontinent.

A “lost continent” called Sundaland, a southeastern extension of

Asia which forms the island regions of Indonesia today. 

It is predicted that temperatures will fall again in a few thousand years, leading to expansion of ice sheets. However there are a dizzying array of factors that are still not understood well enough to say comprehensively what causes (or ends) ice ages. A popular explanation says the degree of the Earth’s axial tilt, its wobble, and its orbital shape, are the main factors heralding the start and end of this phenomenon." 

ZeroHedge

IN the NEWS - "It must have seemed like the end of days"

And, behold, I, even I, do bring a flood of waters upon the earth, to destroy all flesh, wherein is the breath of life, from under heaven; and every thing that is in the earth shall die. Genesis 6:17

A Glimpse in the story below of what the Flood and Ice Age that followed it must have been like.... (of course the writers of the article don't believe in the global flood....they likely never will no matter how much evidence they find)

"The world experienced .....apocalyptic conditions ...triggered by a

reversal of the Earth’s magnetic poles combined with changes in the Sun’s behavior. That’s the key finding of our new multidisciplinary study, published in Science.

 

This last major geomagnetic reversal triggered a series of dramatic events that have far-reaching consequences for our planet. 

They read like the plot of a horror movie: the ozone layer was destroyed, electrical storms raged .... solar winds generated spectacular light shows (auroras), Arctic air poured across North America, ice sheets and glaciers surged and weather patterns shifted violently. 

During these events, life on earth was exposed to intense ultraviolet light,....giant animals .... went extinct, while modern humans sought

protection in caves. 

 

With essentially no magnetic field, our planet totally lost its very effective shield against cosmic radiation, and many more of these very penetrating particles from space could access the top of the atmosphere. 

On top of this, the Sun experienced several “grand solar minima” throughout this period, during which the overall solar activity was generally much lower but also more unstable, sending out numerous massive solar flares that allowed more powerful ionising cosmic rays to reach Earth.  

It must have seemed like the end of days." 

TheConversation

Flood Geology of Mackinac Island

And the waters prevailed, and were increased greatly upon the earth...

Genesis 7:18

"Mackinac Island exposes rocks from two of the earliest megasequences of the Flood, the Tippecanoe and the Kaskaskia. 

The Kaskaskia is the younger of the two and lies on top of the Tippecanoe. Globally, these layers are filled with shallow-water marine fossils, since at that point the floodwaters had not yet begun to cover the dry land.

 

Some of these rocks are visible near the center of the island on the highest point. Referred to as the Ancient Island, its peak is about 275 feet above today’s Lake Huron. 

Here, near the War of 1812-era Fort Holmes, some of the lower

Kaskaskia sediments are exposed, known as the Devonian Bois Blanc Formation. Below this half-mile-long hill and across most of the island reside carbonate rocks of the upper Tippecanoe Megasequence (Silurian St. Ignace Dolomite). 

These two sedimentary layers make up the bulk of the island and were most likely deposited within the first 40 days of the Flood. They were exposed as the floodwaters receded and were further sculpted by the post-Flood Ice Age.

 

Scattered around the island are several prominent “sea” stacks composed of broken and angular pieces of rock. These resistant spires, stacks, arches, and even a cave are composed of Mackinac

Breccia.  

Breccia is made up of broken, angular chunks of rock melded together. 

*These stacks formed in a manner similar to a sinkhole and were the product of salt dissolution and collapse. In this case, the sediments composing the broken pieces were deposited on top of the St. Ignace Dolomite. Below this dolomite lie earlier Flood rocks that are rich in salt. 

 

During the Flood’s continued advance, water was forced into the ground and dissolved some of the salt. With no support from below, the overlying sediments collapsed, dropping fragments from above into the vacant cavity. Swirling groundwater cemented these broken fragments together.

 

As the receding Flood stripped away the surface layers, the breccia

stacks were left behind as “sea” spires. Glacial lake water further carved some of these into caves such as Skull Cave and arches such Arch Rock.

 

Native Americans referred to the island as Michilimackinac, or “place of the great turtle,” because in profile the island resembles a turtle’s back. 

This appearance is due to erosion during the two primary Ice Age lake levels, the older Lake Algonquin and the younger Lake Nipissing. 

 

The Ancient Island was all that was exposed above the water line when Lake Algonquin crested at over 230 feet above the present lake level. Its waves carved a steep cliff marking the edge.

As the lake levels further dropped, over two dozen successive shoreline ridges were formed prior to the formation of Lake Nipissing. 

 

This younger level was only about 50 feet above the level of Lake Huron today. It also formed a 45- to 50-foot wave-cut cliff that nearly circles the island. Fort Mackinac was established on this cliff in 1780, as was the Grand Hotel in 1887.

 

The two prominent wave-cut cliffs and the numerous shoreline ridges preserve evidence of the many changing Ice Age lake levels. These features always seem to be present wherever Ice Age lakes resided.....In fact, these landforms can occur in just a few weeks. Creation scientists calculate that the Ice Age lasted about 500 to 700 years after the Flood. The development of these landforms easily fits within the biblical timeline." ICR

Ice Age Simplified

"Secular scientists say Earth has experienced many Ice Ages.
But the evidence for multiple Ice Ages is very weak.

There is strong geological evidence for only the most recent of the supposed Ice Ages, which these scientists call the Last Glacial. They call the coldest part of this period the Last Glacial Maximum.

---The best scientific explanation is that the Genesis Flood caused this one and only Ice Age.

During the Flood, new seafloor formed very rapidly. Extruded magma heated the world’s oceans, greatly increasing evaporation from the sea surface.
This resulted in more precipitation, including large amounts of snowfall at high latitudes and on mountaintops.
Residual volcanism continued for centuries after the Flood, and the aerosols from the explosive eruptions reflected sunlight back into space, resulting in cooler summer temperatures.
The cooler summers prevented snow and ice from melting, allowing them to accumulate and form thick ice sheets.
As the oceans cooled and volcanic activity decreased, the Ice Age slowly came to an end."
ICR
And it came to pass in the six hundredth and first year, in the first month, the first day of the month, the waters were dried up from off the earth: and Noah removed the covering of the ark, and looked, and, behold, the face of the ground was dry. Genesis 8:13

Ice Age & Babel

"There seems to be a clear explanation for the Ice Age, one that may answer the mystery of post-Flood animal migration. The Bible tells us that after the Flood humans stayed near the Tower of Babel for several generations, disobeying God’s command to fill the earth. Meanwhile, the animals on the Ark had already fulfilled God’s command to “abound on the earth, and be fruitful and multiply.” But just how did the animals, and the large mammals in particular, get to the individual continents after the floodwaters receded?

The answer seems to be land bridges. Dry land migration routes could have

facilitated the movement of large animals from the Ark to remote continents. The Ice Age after the Flood provided just such an opportunity. Water stored in massive ice sheets would have temporarily lowered sea levels by 200 to 280 feet below today’s level. The resulting land bridges would have made pathways for animals to simply walk to the major continents.

The timing of the Ice Age was no accident. Michael Oard calculated that the glacial maximum and the simultaneous maximum drop in sea level could have been achieved within 500 years after the Flood from high ocean temperatures and a late- Flood and post-Flood period of intense volcanic activity. This timing coincides nicely with the “division” of the earth that occurred during the days of Peleg.

Oard also calculated that the ice causing the Ice Age could rapidly melt away. He estimated that it probably took less than 200 years to completely melt back the continental ice sheets. Exactly how long the ice sheets endured after their formation is unknown. Once the ice melted, the sea level would have immediately risen, flooding the land bridges and closing this opportunity for intercontinental migration.

After the Flood, mankind remained in the Middle East at “a plain in the land of Shinar,” building the Tower of Babel. This was in direct disobedience to God’s post-Flood command to “be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth.” God had to divide and scatter the people by confounding their languages

so that they would not miss the temporary land bridge opportunity for migration. God’s timing was perfect, since it may have taken several generations for humans to migrate to the Bering Sea land bridge from central Asia.

The lowering of sea levels and the creation of land bridges was necessary to provide migration pathways for large animals and humans. Maximum ice volume was achieved at the same time migration pathways were needed to travel from the Ark’s landing site to distant continents that are now separated by water. After the oceans had cooled sufficiently and the volcanic activity began to wane, the ice sheets quickly melted and the land bridges disappeared beneath the rising ocean waters, effectively ending the migration. God likely used this narrow window to scatter humans and animals across the globe, effectively repopulating the earth after the Flood’s destruction." ICR

And it came to pass,

as they journeyed from the east,

that they found a plain in the land of Shinar;

and they dwelt there.

Genesis 11:2