Creation Moment 6/4/2026 - Many Models of Planet Formation

Of the Many Models of Planet Formation I'll stick with this one--Hath in these last days spoken unto us by His Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also He made the worlds; Hebrews 1:2

"The HR 8799 system sits about 133 light-years away in the

constellation Pegasus. Its planets are enormous, ranging from five to ten times Jupiter’s mass. They orbit very far from their host star at distances between 15 and 70 astronomical units. Even the innermost planet is 15 times farther from its star than Earth is from the Sun. The planet masses range from 5−10 MJup, meaning the smallest world in the system is still five times more massive than Jupiter.

Astronomers often describe HR 8799 as an oversized version of our solar system because it contains four outer giant planets similar in arrangement to Jupiter through Neptune. However, the planets’

extreme masses and wide orbits created a problem for older theories of planet formation. Traditional core accretion models suggested planets this massive would not have enough time to form before the young star cleared away the surrounding disk of gas and dust.
“There are many models of planet formation to consider. I think this shows that older core accretion models are outdated,” stated UC San Diego Professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics Quinn Konopacky, another of the paper’s co-authors. “And of the newer models, we are looking at ones where gas giants can form solid cores really far away from their star.”

According to Ruffio, HR 8799 remains unusual because it is currently the only directly imaged system known to contain four massive gas giants. However, astronomers have identified other systems with even larger companions whose origins are still uncertain." SciTechDaily