Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that things which are seen were not made of things which do appear. Hebrews 11:3
"Astronomers have discovered a Jupiter-sized extrasolar planet (exoplanet)
orbiting so close to its host star that it is “perilously close” to the
distance where it can be torn apart by gravitational forces.
Astronomers call these planets “hot Jupiters” because they are rather
large planets with masses comparable to that of Jupiter, and their
nearness to their host stars causes them to have high temperatures.
This particular “hot Jupiter,” designated as NGTS-10b, is about 1,000 light-years from Earth.
Planets with smaller orbits take less time to go around their host
stars than do planets with larger orbits. NGTS-10b orbits its host star
in just 18 hours!
Dr. Daniel Bayliss, one of the astronomers making the discovery, said,
Everything that we know about planet formation tells us that planets
and stars form at the same time. The best model that we’ve got suggests
that the star is about ten billion years old and we’d assume that the
planet is too. Either we are seeing it in the last stages of its life,
or somehow it’s able to live here longer than it should.
The suggestion that the planet can “somehow” remain and “live” at this
distance from the star “longer than it should” seems odd.
Q: Why would
astronomers not just simply accept that the planet is in its
last stages of its planetary “life”? Why even bring up the possibility
that some unknown process could preserve the planet at this destructive
distance for a long time?
A: The reason involves secular astronomers’ belief in billions of years.
Scientists estimate that hot Jupiters so close to their parent stars
will be destroyed in millions of years. In this particular case, they
estimate that NGTS-10b will be destroyed in 38 million years, although
there is considerable scatter in this number. This is a long
time, but it is only a tiny fraction of the ten billion years of this
planet’s supposed lifetime. For this reason, it seems unlikely that
astronomers would be “lucky” enough to observe hot Jupiters in their
death throes:
Back in 1996, when the very first hot Jupiters had been discovered,
Fred Rasio and his colleagues predicted that
their orbits could very slowly decay due to tidal interactions with
their parent stars. However, the rapid change in WASP-12b’s orbital
period implies that we’re observing the planet at the last moments [here
“moment” means a million years!] of its inspiral. That might seem a
rather improbable coincidence, but David Latham says, “one such case could be
the result of a lucky accident.” [comment by author]
Perhaps this single case is a lucky accident. However, astronomers have
detected several hot Jupiters that apparently have already started their
“death spirals” into their host stars. This is true even for hot Jupiters having periods longer than a day, such as WASP-12b, mentioned in the above quotation. Some of these planets have undergone measurable decreases in the lengths of their orbital periods.
One such hot Jupiter is thought to only have 550,000 years left before it is destroyed! And there could potentially be many more dying hot Jupiters that we simply don’t know about yet.
Dr. Bayliss noted,
We are either very lucky to catch them [“hot Jupiters”] in this short
period orbit, or the processes by which the planet migrates into the
star are less efficient than we imagine, in which case it can live in
this configuration for a longer period of time.”
Yes, perhaps we are “very lucky.” And it should be acknowledged that hot
Jupiters are relatively easy for astronomers to detect.
Q: But if a
“selection effect” is a sufficient explanation for the observation of
multiple “dying” hot Jupiters so close to their host stars, why would
astronomers talk about being “very lucky” to see them? And why would
they make the ad hoc suggestion that these planets can “somehow” remain
close to their host stars for longer than expected?
Clearly, multiple ultra-short period hot Jupiters this close to their host stars surprised secular astronomers. Hence, the ad hoc
suggestion that they can “somehow” remain close to their host stars for
long ages.
----Of course, there is another possibility they seem unwilling
to consider. Perhaps these hot Jupiters and their host stars simply are
much younger than secular astronomers assume. If our universe is young,
it wouldn’t be at all surprising to observe multiple hot Jupiters having
already begun their death spirals.
----Observations of hot Jupiters so close to their host stars makes more
sense if the stars and planets are young instead of old, just as we
would infer from a straightforward reading of Scripture." ICR