Creation Moment 7/15/2026 - 7 Colors

"As God invented everything that enables a rainbow to exist, God obviously owns the rainbow.
You can break up white light into its rainbow of colors using a prism to disperse the light rays. 

So the rainbow is actually a result of the properties of light (refraction and dispersion) that God created on day one of creation week, when he said, “Let there be light” (Genesis 1:3). 

He obviously created the entire electromagnetic spectrum, of which visible light is just a part. 

Now our eyes are designed to see seven colors with specific wavelengths divided out of visible light—red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. 

Of course, there are many other visible colors made by mixing various combinations of these colors—such as pink, which can be made with the right mix of red and blue wavelengths. And if we consider all frequencies, there are as many colors (invisible to us) as the stars in the universe. But the true rainbow has seven colors. God invented the rainbow." 

Ken Ham

Creation Moment 4/1/2026 - Abscission Zone

"In Autumn, deciduous trees don’t lose their leaves—they loose them.
It is the final step in a highly ordered and carefully controlled

process initiated in preparation for a resting period (winter) in above-ground portions of the tree.

The place where the leaf separates (abscises) from the tree is typically located at the base of the leaf stalk (petiole). It is called the abscission zone (AZ). The AZ is no random fracture point but is actually built-in, “pre-positioned” during leaf formation. As a publication from the University of Georgia (USA) puts it: “Leaves are designed to be disposable.”

With the post-summer hint of coolness in the air, before the onset of wintry weather, trees initiate a “senescence sequence” to systematically retrieve the re-usable resources from the leaves. As this process begins, and the green chlorophyll pigment and other parts of the light-harvesting (photosynthetic) complex are dismantled, the leaf changes color.

First, the formerly hidden carotenoid pigments (e.g., yellow xanthophylls and orange beta-carotene) are now revealed, turning the leaves an orange-yellow hue, as the normally-dominant green chlorophyll fades.

Then, when about half the chlorophyll has been degraded, and as the level of phosphate in the leaf drops, the production of anthocyanin pigments increases. Anthocyanins tint autumn leaves red-purple, and blend with the carotenoids to create the breathtakingly beautiful deeper orange and fiery red coloration that tourists travel long distances to see and photograph.

The valuable materials that the tree extracts from the leaves before leaf drop are stored during winter in the tree’s roots, trunk, and branches until next spring when they are ‘recycled’ to re-leaf the tree. This has to be done during the milder weather of autumn, because there can be no retrieval from leaves after ‘Jack Frost’ arrives.

With the pulling back of resources from the leaf now completed, the abscission zone becomes a hotbed of activity, in three locations:

a cell wall degradation area;

a shear force generation area; and

a tree protection zone.

All of these must be in place for successful leaf shedding and effective tree survival.
With the abscission process triggered by a raft of chemical signals (including, it is believed, ethylene produced by the internally-gutted leaf), AZ cells start to secrete enzymes. 

These dissolve the ‘glue’ that holds cells together and degrade the primary wall between cells. The surrounding AZ cells actively produce the necessary abscission materials throughout; i.e., they remain alive and active until abscission is completed.

While the AZ can be 5–40 cells wide, within that zone only a band 1–3 cells wide will disconnect from each other to form the fracture line. 

The weakening of the walls of those cells, coupled with increasing internal water pressure inside the cells, causes the cells to swell. This expansion generates tremendous shear forces, i.e., pushing and pulling on surrounding weakened cell walls, mechanically opening up fracture lines between cell walls. 

Wind tugging on the leaves helps these fracture lines to grow, as do gravity, precipitation and animal interference.

While there is still much to learn about abscission, we can see that leaf fall doesn’t just happen, but rather is a carefully coordinated series of complex chemical processes—which would be controlled by the plant’s genes.

Researchers have now mapped out a genetic pathway, or ‘signaling cascade’, behind abscission in the common laboratory plant Arabidopsis (water cress). They have identified that there is a key network of genes that code for proteins in a sequential manner. Each step of the cumulative processes that make up the cascade is dependent on the one before it.

This presents a challenge to the evolutionary paradigm—because if just one of these steps in the signaling cascade is absent, the abscission process doesn’t work. 

Q: In addition, how did evolution produce genes that code for

enzymes that can digest themselves?

All-or-nothing genetic cascades don’t fit the claimed step-by-step evolution story, but rather fit with the Bible’s account that plants were designed by a super-intelligent creator—God.

He designed them to fit the seasons He made too (While the earth remaineth, seedtime and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and winter, and day and night shall not cease. Genesis 8:22). Autumn, and its colorful cascade of leaves, are no accident!" 

CMI

Creation Moment 11/17/2025 - The Poverty of Scientific Language

For thus saith the LORD that created the heavens; God Himself that formed the earth and made it; He hath established it, He created it not in vain, He formed it to be inhabited: I am the LORD; and there is none else. Isaiah 45:18

The BBC recently ran an article titled “The Mystery of Why Leaves Change Colour in the Autumn,” November 1, 2025. True to form, it spoke the language of science: chlorophylls breaking down, anthocyanins forming, wavelengths shifting under cooler light. It was all accurate, all informative—and yet somehow insufficient.

C.S. Lewis once warned that the more precise our language becomes, the less real experience it can contain. “There is,” he wrote, “a

special region of experiences which can be communicated by Scientific language, namely its common measurable features—but most experience cannot. To be incommunicable by Scientific language is, so far as I can judge, the normal state of experience.”

Science is a marvelous servant but a poor companion.

Its precision is power, but also poverty: a self-imposed blindness to what cannot be quantified. 

Science can measure wavelength but not vision—the crystalline sparkle of an Autumn morning. 

It can weigh pigments but not beauty. 

The very act of quantifying the world narrows it. Like reason itself, science holds to truth only when it knows its limits and limits its knowledge-claims.

We live inside a drama—the living world, the interplay of time and

season—and science writes its own narrative about that drama. The BBC article, like most in its genre, sought an evolutionary explanation of the “mystery,” invoking the E-word five times: perhaps red leaves warn insects; perhaps the pigments protect the tree as it retrieves nutrients before winter. Every explanation presumes that there must be an evolutionary explanation—an adaptive reason for the color.

Q: But what if the colors are not primarily adaptive? What if they are beauty that functions?

Evolutionary thinking assumes that beauty must pay its way, that splendor is tolerated only if it serves survival. A teleological view begins elsewhere: that beauty itself belongs to the design—not accidental, not adaptive, but intrinsically expressive of order and the value woven into the world." 

CEH

"Typical Autumn Colors:

Red: Often associated with warmth and excitement, red is a prominent color in autumn foliage. It symbolizes passion and can create a striking visual impact when used in designs.

Orange: This color embodies the essence of fall, reminiscent of pumpkins and autumn sunsets. It evokes feelings of warmth and comfort.
Yellow: Bright and cheerful, yellow represents the fading sunlight of autumn days. It adds a sense of brightness and optimism to the fall palette.
Brown: Earthy and grounding, brown reflects the natural elements of the season, such as tree bark and fallen leaves. It provides a warm backdrop for other autumn colors.
Gold: Often seen in the changing leaves, gold adds a touch of elegance and richness to the autumn color scheme." 

msn

Creation Moment 11/7/2025 - Yellow Tomato Mystery Solved [Romans 8:22]

As Paul says: For we know that the whole creation groaneth and travaileth in pain together until now. Romans 8:22

Even tomato coloring which impacts nutritional value. Interesting how interconnected all these genetic pathways and mechanisms are....like a DESIGNED system breaking down, as if it "groaneth".

The Yellow ones are still nutritional....just not as much as the red ones.

"Researchers have discovered that a single genetic change in the YFT3 gene disrupts a vital enzyme involved in producing carotenoids, the pigments responsible for tomato coloration. The gene encodes the isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase enzyme, which maintains the delicate balance between IPP and DMAPP, two essential C5 molecules in isoprenoid synthesis.

When one amino acid (Serine) is replaced by another (Arginine) at position 126, this balance is thrown off, weakening enzyme performance, hindering chromoplast formation, and drastically reducing lycopene, the red pigment that gives tomatoes their color. The findings uncover a key molecular mechanism behind tomato pigmentation and pinpoint Ser126 as a critical site for enzyme function, suggesting new possibilities for enhancing fruit quality through genetic approaches.

The color of a tomato depends heavily on the buildup of carotenoids, natural pigments that support both 

--plant reproduction 

--and human health. 

These pigments form through the isoprenoid pathway, which relies on the precise conversion between two molecular building blocks, isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). This conversion is carried out by the enzyme IDI1, ensuring a steady flow of metabolites for pigment production.

When this process is disrupted, it can alter chromoplast development and pigment levels, changing both 

--the fruit’s color 

--and its nutritional value. 

Although scientists have made great progress in decoding carotenoid biosynthesis, the specific amino acids that govern IDI1’s activity have been difficult to identify, prompting a closer look at how YFT3 contributes to this essential pathway.

Identification of the YFT3 Mutation

A research team from Shanghai Jiao Tong University has identified a

single-point mutation in the YFT3 gene responsible for yellow fruit coloration in tomatoes. Their findings, published in the journal Horticulture Research, reveal that the mutation disrupts a critical enzyme in the isoprenoid pathway, impairing carotenoid accumulation. 

Through map-based cloning, molecular assays, and in vivo functional analyses, the team demonstrated that a Ser126Arg substitution in YFT3 undermines its enzymatic activity, providing new insight into the molecular control of fruit pigmentation.

The researchers discovered that the yellow-fruited tomato mutant (yft3) carries a recessive allele of YFT3, encoding a mutated version of SlIDI1, a plastid-localized isomerase responsible for converting IPP to DMAPP. 

The mutation—an A→C transversion at nucleotide 2117—leads to a Ser126Arg substitution. 

Despite unchanged protein levels and plastid localization, enzymatic activity was drastically reduced.

Functional complementation restored red color, while knockout lines mimicked the yellow phenotype, confirming YFT3’s essential role.

Molecular and Structural Insights

Detailed expression analyses showed upregulation of carotenoid

pathway genes (DXS, DXR, HDR, PSY1, CRTISO, CYCB, CYP97A, NCED) in yft3 and CRISPR knockout lines. However, biochemical assays revealed severely reduced lycopene and total carotenoid levels, indicating that the gene upregulation could not compensate for enzymatic deficiency. 

Molecular docking revealed that the Ser126 mutation alters the active site conformation, impairs Mg²⁺ cofactor binding, and diminishes catalytic efficiency. These findings suggest Ser126 is critical for the correct positioning and function of substrate-enzyme interactions in carotenoid biosynthesis. Moreover, the impaired chromoplast ultrastructure in yft3 and YFT3-KO lines further underscores YFT3‘s role in fruit color development and quality.

This discovery holds significant potential for agricultural biotechnology and breeding programs. Understanding the role of YFT3 in regulating the isoprenoid pathway offers breeders a precise genetic handle to enhance fruit pigmentation and carotenoid content—key traits for market appeal and nutrition." 

SciTechDaily

Creation Moment 7/28/2025 - Blue Sharks

And God created great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly, after their kind,.... Genesis 1:21

"A shark that can change color? Yes! Based on a new study of nanostructures in the skin of blue sharks (a species of requiem shark that inhabits open, deep waters), scientists now believe that these sharks can actually change color as they dive, better matching the water around them.

"Blue is one of the rarest colors in the animal world, and blue sharks get their striking blue color from nanostructures working together in their dermal denticles (a special type of skin design that looks like

teeth, which is why sharks feel like sandpaper). Guanine crystals reflect blue light, while melanosomes absorb other colors. Environmental pressures change the intensity of the effects of both of these structures. When sharks swim deeper, the nanostructures compress, making the sharks darker to camouflage in the deep. When sharks swim toward the surface, the nanostructures spread out, making the sharks lighter. When the denticles drift closer, they look bluer. When they drift apart, they can appear more green or more gold. These discoveries are inspiring thoughts on how to make color dyes that are nontoxic."

Now, sharks are believed by evolutionists to be some of the oldest organisms on the planet (predating trees and even the North Star in their worldview), first arriving in the oceans 400 million years ago. And, over the hundreds of millions of years, they’ve barely changed! They forgot to evolve! Yes, in the evolutionary worldview, in nearly half a billion years, earth saw massive changes to the temperature, topography, chemical makeup, and life forms in the oceans—but sharks forgot to evolve. What nonsense.

This new study highlights, once again, the complexity of God’s creation. Sharks didn’t evolve complex skin that is perfectly suited to their environment by chance, random processes 400 million years ago. Sharks, in all their complexity, were created by God on day five of creation week, along with the other swimming creatures." AIG

Creation Moment 7/7/2025 - Blue in Nature

Which were clothed with blue.... Ezekiel 23:6

"Blue is consistently voted the world’s most popular color. However, in the animal and plant world, the color blue is quite rare. 

When it does occur, it is often not from a blue pigment as such. 

--Pigments work by subtraction: they absorb some color wavelengths and reflect only part of them back to our eyes. E.g., a pigment we perceive as ‘red’ reflects only the red wavelengths, absorbing the rest.....most blues in the natural world are wholly or in part from structural color. This color results when light interacts with various microscopic structures on the organism’s surface. The nature of the interaction can vary—examples are diffraction, interference, and scattering. Such clever design ensures that we mostly see the blue wavelength of the light spectrum. Human engineers work hard to copy those structures, called bio-inspired nanophotonics.

What about the color of blueberries, a favorite with children and adults alike? The fleshy interior of the fruit contains an actual

pigment called anthocyanin, a powerful antioxidant. This creates a deep reddish-purple shade, quite different to the indigo color of the fruit skin.
However, like the majority of plants, blueberries are coated in an extremely thin layer of protective wax (bloom). This helps prevent infection and water loss through the skin. Recent research found that microscopic, randomly-arranged crystals in the berries’ waxy coating scatter blue and ultraviolet wavelengths of light, giving blueberries their trademark bluish color.

Indeed, fine-tuning is one of the hallmarks of design in our world. This is reinforced by all the brilliant scientists and engineers trying to copy such designs, a fast-expanding field called biomimetics. God created plants and their fruit, with a built-in capacity to vary within limits, on Day 3 of Creation Week." 

CMI

Creation Moment 6/7/2024 - Color of "Beautiful" Chemistry gives "JOY" to Chemists

Lift up your eyes on high, 

and behold who hath created these things... 

Isaiah 40:26

"Promethium only exists naturally in minuscule amounts – Earth’s crust contains just about half a kilogram of the element.

It is now routinely produced, albeit in tiny quantities, from the

radioactive decay of uranium and can be incorporated in simple compounds for uses like luminous paint or nuclear batteries. But its extremely radioactive nature means it is inherently unstable, making it difficult to form long-lasting compounds that are easy to study. The crystal structures that it does exist in also exert forces on promethium’s chemical bonds, obscuring its fundamental chemistry, such as how long its atomic bonds are and how they form with other compounds.

Now, Alexander Ivanov at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and his colleagues have found a way to form a promethium compound in water. This dampens some of the damaging effects of radioactivity and avoids the obscuring effects of crystal structures, allowing the team to study the element’s chemistry in detail for the first time.

“It’s rather beautiful chemistry, and to see the delicate pink color of this complex is a real joy,” says Andrea Sella at University College London." 

Nature

Creation Moment 5/11/2024 - How did the eye figure that out?

Thank you for making me so wonderfully complex!
Your workmanship is marvelous—how well I know it.
Psalm 139:14

"The eye has a problem: different wavelengths focus differently. 

Blue light, with a shorter wavelength, is more sensitive to longitudinal and transverse chromatic aberration than red. 

Q: With one lens, and one retina, how does the eye achieve good focus across all wavelengths? 

Q: How does it avoid contrast reversal when scanning across a scene? 

Scientists have thought that the blue-sensitive cones used macular pigment to selectively absorb short wavelengths to offset the effects of aberration. 

But now, writing in Nature, four optical experts from Spain and

Massachusetts have calculated and measured the optical quality of real eyes, and found that blue light is not as blurred as previously thought.

For one thing, the blue-sensitive cones in the retina have a narrower bandwidth that limits the blurring, and the red and green sensitive cones have bandwidth that overlaps somewhat. 

The scientists did experiments with human subjects and also took into account monochromatic aberration across the full spectrum of visible light and the spatial density of the different cones across the retina. They found that, although there were trade-offs and

compromises, all the cones, working together, achieve the optimum response with minimum aberration:

"It has been widely assumed that chromatic defocus from the eye’s optics degrades the retinal image of short-wavelength light. But this assumption has not previously been tested in a manner that takes into account all of the eye’s optical aberrations, measured at multiple wavelengths. We have shown that there is actually little variability in the eye’s image quality, as quantified by MTF [modulation transfer function, a measure of image contrast quality], across the visible spectrum. Wave aberrations cause the visual system to sacrifice resolution at a single wavelength but allow it to gain approximate constancy in spatial sensitivity across the spectrum. This constancy might provide an even more effective solution to the problems of chromatic blur than could be attained by attenuation and sparse sampling of short-wavelength light in an eye with perfect optics."

Their paper is entitled, “Imperfect optics may be the eye’s defense against chromatic blur.” They also suspect that macular pigment, not therefore needed to improve optical quality, may instead be present to help protect the eye from high-wavelength damage.

This is just one example of the kind of detail in engineering the body

performs so effortlessly, that we take for granted. 

--In evolutionary terms, every little improvement would be caused by accident, and would have to benefit survival so much that all without the accident die. 

Clearly, intelligent design is the superior explanation. 

--Here we see the interesting design approach that, given the physical constraints of the laws of electromagnetic radiation, designing an apparent “imperfection” can actually lead to greater overall performance! 

Q: How did the eye figure that out?" 

CEH

Creation Moment 3/19/2024 - Black Cats are still "cats"

Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so. Genesis 1:24

"Maryland scientists studied why some cats are black and reported

their genetic investigation in the cover story in Current Biology (3/03). 

Apparently melanism (black coloration) is recessive in domestic cats but dominant in jaguars; in some species it is frequent but never predominant. 

They identified two genes that cause melanism in some species but not others. They feel there must be “at least four independent genetic origins for melanism in the cat family. The inferred multiple origins and independent historical elevation in population frequency of felid melanistic mutations suggest the occurrence of adaptive evolution of this visible phenotype in a group of related free-ranging species.”

Q: And your point is? 

This is supposed to be a paper about why black cats evolved. You read the paper and there are observations about which species have this or that gene, but no theory as to why black color is adaptive. They say, “To date, little is known about the molecular or adaptive basis of coat color variation in free-ranging mammals, and so far no study has addressed this issue in multiple polymorphic species from the same family.” So did they come to the rescue and find a reason for natural selection to select melanism? See if you can find one in their conclusion:

"The elevation of independent gene variants in parallel Felidae lineages raises the possibility of an adaptive advantage of melanistic

mutants under certain ecological circumstances. An interesting example is the jaguarundi, whose “wild-type” dark coloration is here shown to be a derived condition, having replaced the ancestral reddish form throughout its continental range. The prospect of directly inspecting gene variants that specify phenotypic variation potentially subject to natural selection will allow the direct study of such traits in free-ranging populations. These and other applications of such integrated genetic approaches will hopefully enhance our understanding of species survival, diversification, and adaptive evolution over space and time."

You can hunt through this jargon jungle without ever finding the promised nugget of evolutionary wisdom; it’s just empty promises and futureware. 

So some cats are black. 

Q: They’re still 100% cats, aren’t they? 

Q: What’s Darwin got to do with it?" 

CEH

Creation Moment 9/13/2023 - Lessons of the Lack of a Blue Rose

And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth: and it was so.
Genesis 1:22

"About eight species of rose occur naturally, and none of them are blue. For centuries, rose enthusiasts have been breeding new varieties of roses, but the lack of naturally occurring blue pigment in any rose was a frustration to rose growers. 

They experimented with all sorts of breeding in attempts to be the first to produce a blue rose, success in which would be a commercial bonanza. 

However, no amount of hybridization, careful selection, or any other conventional process usually used by plant breeders, including changing environmental factors such as soil types, ever produced anything near blue coloration in any type of rose.

First, the genes that enable a plant to produce blue pigment had to be isolated from the tens of thousands of genes located on the chromosomes in the world’s blue-flowered plants. 

The successful company (a subsidiary of Japanese firm Suntory) eventually used petunias, with their over 30,000 kinds of genes. They chose a variety that bore a dark violet flower.

Next, the relevant genes had to be introduced to rose plants and tested to ensure they were not only expressed in mature plants, but also confined to the petals—we don’t want roses with blue leaves or stems.

This testing takes a long time unless you use something like yeast cells for multiplication rather than adult rose plants grown from seed.

Eventually, after much secret work and the expenditure of three

billion yen (c. $US 25 million) by Suntory, the London Telegraph could make the 2008 announcement: “World’s first blue roses after 20 years of research”.

That’s a huge amount of effort and directed intelligence just to produce a blue rose. Yet many claim that all of the amazing life forms on Earth evolved by random mutation of DNA sifted by natural selection over millions of years. The DNA instructions for producing blue pigment in petunias and many other flowering plants, or the pigment that gives a red rose its color, are all assumed to have evolved this way.

--In reality, such genes are not the result of any evolutionary process at all. 

--Instead, God created the programming during Creation Week about 6,000 years ago. And not only petunias and roses, but the original (parent) kinds of every other living creature in the world. The codes for such complex instructions do not just happen ‘naturally’, i.e. by themselves—the years of intelligent effort involved in this ‘dreamful project’ illustrate that."
CMI

Creation Moment 9/9/2023 - 135 more discovered

And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul. Genesis 2:7

"A seemingly simple example has been the conclusion that skin, hair,

and eye color are the result of only three genes. Each of these three genes regulate the amount of the light-absorbing pigment called melanin. The genes have two forms, a dark-skin allele (A, B, and C) and a light-skin allele (a, b, and c).

Melanin gives hair and skin its color, specifically shades of brown, red, and black. 

Grey hairs contain very few melanin granules spread throughout the hair. White hairs contain no melanin and the whiteness is due to how the hair without pigment reflects light. The pigments’ main function is to protect epidermis cells from damage due to cancer-causing ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Melanin is produced within melanosomes which are located inside melanin-producing pigment cells called melanocytes. All humans have the same number of melanocytes. 

Only the amount of melanin they produce differs, causing a wide scope of human skin- and hair-color variations....melanin-producing melanosomes cause light to scatter to a greater degree in cells with large amounts of melanin. 

Side-scatter of flow cytometry was then used to separate cells according to melanin levels. The cells were then analyzed to determine the identity of melanin-modifying genes. 

Both new and previously known genes that play important roles in regulating melanin production in humans were located. The researchers determined that there were 169 functionally diverse genes that impacted melanin production, including 135 not previously associated with pigmentation. 

One newly discovered gene produced a protein that regulated melanin synthesis by controlling the acidity of the melanosomes...Darker pigmentation was required to protect against ultraviolet radiation in areas of the Earth’s surface closer to the equator and for people who spend hours in direct sunlight. 

For humans living in areas with less-direct sunlight, or fewer hours of daylight, less melanin was required. This condition would then allow them to absorb more sunlight. This is important because sunlight is required to produce critically important vitamin D. Vitamin D has an important role in helping your body absorb calcium and supporting the muscles required to avoid falls. 

A previously assumed “simple” system called sun-tanning, which produces various shades of brown skin, has turned out to be enormously complex. 

The specific functions for most of the newly identified 135 genes involved in melanin production have yet to be determined. 

Likely, if the past is any indicator, these genes will prove to have several functions, not only for melanin production, but also in other human-body operational processes. As a result, the evolution of this once “simple” system has become even less probable than before." CEH

Creation Moment 9/8/2023 - Energy Morsels of this Interwoven Creation by DESIGN

When I made the cloud the garment thereof, and thick darkness a swaddlingband for it,.... Job 38:9

"Take everyone’s favorite binary star, Albireo, whose components

shine in a gorgeous contrasting yellow and blue. 

Science explains that compared with its golden counterpart, the blue star is hotter because its greater mass creates awesome gravitational pressure and a boosted burn rate in its core. 

---But few astronomers know that those colors don’t exist when no one’s looking. 

---That’s because light is really just an energy morsel composed of alternating magnetic and electric fields. 

---Neither field has brightness nor color. Instead, when that invisible electromagnetic energy strikes an animal’s cone-shaped retina cell, it inaugurates a biological process where millions of neurons cooperatively fashion the sensation of “blue.” 

**Creating visual experiences consumes half the brain’s capacity. 

So, while Albireo is some 400 light-years away, its colorful image occurs solely within the skull. 

What’s more, usually-gorgeous Albireo is colorless if it’s not optically intensified by a lens or mirror. 

---Our retina has about 100 million specialized rod-shaped cells that solely function in low-energy situations and deliver their sensations in grayscale alone. 

It’s the less-sensitive cones, 

numbering only 6 million, 

that register color. 

That’s why the Pleiades look gray or white to the naked eye but pastel blue through binoculars." Astronomy

Creation Moment 6/16/2023 - The Creator's Color Palette Tool Kit

Lift up your eyes on high, and behold who hath created these things... Isaiah 40:26

"The Kuiper Belt, a vast disk brimming with icy bodies including

Pluto and located just beyond Neptune’s orbit in our solar system, exhibits an intriguing color palette ranging from stark white to deep reddish hues on its objects. 

This distinctive color range, unique among all solar system populations, has long remained a mystery. 

 

...Chemistry researchers has replicated the environment in the Kuiper Belt to discover what is causing the array of colors in hydrocarbon-rich surfaces of Kuiper Belt objects, providing a solution to a long-standing problem in astrophysics. 

**Aromatic (organic molecules with fused benzene rings) structural units carrying up to three rings, for example in chemical compounds phenanthrene, phenalene, and acenaphthylene, 

---connected by hydrogen-deficient bridges among each other were found to play a key role in producing reddish colors. 

The UH experiments demonstrated the level of molecular complexity of galactic cosmic rays processing hydrocarbons and provided insight into the role played by ices...."

 SciTechDaily

Creation Moment 2/2/2023 - Q: Why a Green Earth? A: Easiest on our Eyes

I will praise thee; for I am fearfully and wonderfully made: marvellous are thy works;

Psalm 139:14

"Why is green the most important color for the human eye?..... the
makeup of the human retina, which broadly contains two types of cells, rods and cones, which (very broadly) equate to pixels on an imaging sensor. 

Rod cells are highly sensitive with a peak of sensitivity at or above 500nm, which is sort of the border of blue moving into green. There are around 100 million of them in the human eye (some sources say 120 million), which is way way more than the six (or so) million color-sensitive cone cells. It's therefore tempting to leap to the conclusion that we see green sharply because there are more rods than cones and rods see green best.

That doesn't quite work out, though, because the moment we actually look at anything, we move our eyes so that the region of interest falls on the central area of the retina. Most of the color-sensitive cone cells are in this area; there aren't so many rods. This part of the retina is good for seeing sharp detail because each of the (roughly) nerves that take signals from cone cells to the brain is only connected to one cone cell. By comparison, quite a lot of rod cells are connected to each (roughly) nerve, which is good for sensitivity, because we're adding an up signal from a lot of (kinda) pixels, but not so great for sharpness.

So that's why the central area of vision is sharper. What we've heard so far, though, suggests that our daytime color vision should be sharper than our — in effect — monochrome night vision. It is, but it gives us no reason to assume that we should see green more sharply than red or blue. The reason for that is simply in the sensitivity curves of the three types of rod. It's often said that we have red, green and blue-sensitive rod cells, which is sort of true, but much as with a Bayer-pattern electronic image sensor, there's a lot of overlap between the three types, to the point that the medical world calls them long wavelength, (reddish), middle wavelength (greenish) and short wavelength (bluish) — but they really see a lot more than a single color.

To see saturated color, the brain does more or less the same sort of

processing that has to happen in a Bayer-sensor camera in order to recover full-color information. The reason this gives us best acuity in green is simply that there's really a lot of overlap between the medium and long (green and red) cones. This happens to the point where the medium-length cones can see everything from a greenish turquoise all the way through to, well, a fairly orange yellow, while the red cones can see from mid-green to the borders of infra-red. The result is an overall peak of sensitivity at a place which really looks pretty green, despite the fact that we can also see red using the same anatomy.

So, the highest-density, sharpest part of the retina is most sensitive to greenish light." Redshark

Creation Moment 8/31/2022 - What Rangifer Tarandus remind us about the Fall

 Everything after the Fall in the Garden was apparently tweaked in this sinful world--animals (And the LORD God said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this, thou art cursed above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life: Gen. 3:14) Plants (Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field; Gen.3:18) and Humans (Unto the woman he said, I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception; in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee. Gen.3:16).

Also, it stands to reason, He gave each creature an ability for survival in this Fallen world at that time----including the following ability in deer-----

"The golden-colored eyes of Arctic reindeer (caribou, Rangifer tarandus) turn deep blue in winter. A researcher involved with this 2001 discovery, neuroscientist Glen Jeffery.

Such unsuspected layers of complexity make the evolutionary dilemma of eye origins even more intractable, and are strong evidence for creation and design, not evolution. 

It is an adaptation to optimize vision during winter twilights, when both the reindeer and their predators are most active.

Just after the sun goes down, and just before the sun comes up, is a period called the “blue hour”. 

In the blue hour, the sky has quite a ‘pure’ blue hue, i.e. very little of the other light colors present. 

The blue hour is very different from the blue of the daytime sky that is caused by Rayleigh scattering of visible light, where blue scatters more strongly. 

The blue hour is caused by the ozone layer absorbing almost all light but blue. This effect is dominant when the sun is just below the horizon, so the light travels horizontally through the ozone layer, allowing maximal absorption. 

Most of the time, we don’t notice the blue hour, because our eyes have gradually adapted to the change.

In winter, this optimization to ‘twilight ozone blue’ is particularly important, because in polar regions, the twilight can last a third of a day. Also, the lichen eaten by the reindeer and the wolves that try to eat them reflect very little blue light, so appear dark against the snow. This greater contrast, and greater ability to detect motion, outweighs the disadvantage of lower visual sharpness." CMI