"New research reveals that only the oldest and fastest-sinking oceanic plates can transport water deep into Earth’s mantle, due to the unique heat-transferring properties of the mineral olivine.
The Earth’s outer shell, called the lithosphere, is broken into rigid sections known as tectonic plates. These plates float on top of the hotter, more flexible mantle beneath them. When two plates collide, the denser one sinks into the mantle in a process called subduction. The plate that sinks is referred to as a “slab.” Oceanic plates are typically denser than continental ones, largely due to their high content of olivine, a mineral that makes up about 80 percent of oceanic lithosphere.
Olivine is also the predominant mineral in the Earth’s outer shell, representing 60% of the upper mantle (40-410 km of depth). While subducting, the cold slabs are progressively heated by the warm ambient mantle through heat diffusion, a process that involves heat conduction and heat radiation. Understanding slab heating processes is fundamental to explaining the occurrence of deep earthquakes, and the presence of water at more than 600 km of depth.
The heat transport by radiation accounts for approximately 40 percent of the total heat diffused in the olivine-rich upper mantle. Therefore, radiative thermal conductivity plays an important role in slab heating and can have far-reaching effects on the density and the rigidity of the subducting plates, and their capacity to carry water into Earth’s interior."
SciTechDaily