For by him were all things created, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible,...
Colossians 1:16
"Chemists have a scheme called the periodic table of the elements. The elements populate the table lined up by their atomic number which is the number of protons in the nucleus.
They are grouped into rows, and the vertical columns across the rows contain elements of similar characteristics. The column may be noble gases (column 0), reactive metals (column 1), other metals, non-metals (column 4 and up), and reactive gasses (column 7).
It turns out that there is a physical basis for the table, and this has to do with the electron shell of the atom.
The first shell, the so-called K shell can accommodate only two electrons, so only the first two elements have only a K-shell, hydrogen (one electron) and helium (two electrons).
The next element has three protons and therefore three electrons, and then the next shell is needed for the third electron.
The next shell is called the L-shell and can accommodate eight electrons. That shell is progressively filled with electrons until there are eight and then it is full. This corresponds to the second row of the table with elements three to ten, the latter having ten electrons with two in the K shell and eight in the L-shell.
Add one more proton making eleven now, a new shell is again added, the L-shell, which can accommodate up to eight more electrons. Atomic number eleven gives us the metal: sodium. And the process continues as you move up the scale of adding to the size of the nucleus. I should mention at this point there has been no mention of adding neutrons in addition to protons. Adding neutrons affects the atomic weight, but not the basic nature of the element.
Electrons have always spun, since they were each created. What keeps them going? That is original perpetual motion! The chart showing electron shells is:
Now let me point out some interesting features that these two tables show. First, looking at the periodic table with its rows and columns, if you look at the columns all the elements in the column have pretty much similar characteristics. For example, column 0 starts with the noble gas helium and the rest of the boxes going down with neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon are also noble gasses.
Then column 1 starting with lithium and going down are pretty much reactive metals. This column starts with lithium, then sodium (reacts strongly with even water), potassium (reacts so strongly with water that it bursts into flame), then rubidium, cesium and then francium.
Column 2 starting with beryllium is all reactive metals including magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and then radium.
Column 3 has more metals starting with boron, then aluminum, selenium, yttrium, lanthanum, and actinium. Actually Column 3 starts the transition from metals to non-metals called metalloids with boron, then diagonally to silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, and polonium.
Something interesting happens. Between columns 4 and 5, several rows down the table 14 elements show up called the rare earth metals, and just below these are nine elements called the uranium metals.
*Note that the left side of the periodic table contains elements called metals. The right side are non-metals.
The non-metals are from Column IV with familiar carbon, the source of all life, and moving across to nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, etc.
Now think about this: what makes the vertical columns is the addition of additional shells to contain more electrons as protons are added.
Let’s look at Column 1. All the newly added shells (above shells which are completely filled with electrons) have just one electron position. This gives each element metallic properties.
Column 2 now has the second electron position available, and everything in this column still has metallic properties.
As you move across the table to the right, each column has progressively one more electron position available, and moving down each column we see that each element has similar properties. How does this happen?
The thing that gives each element its unique characteristic is the number of protons in the nucleus. The number of electrons surrounding each nucleus can vary, from an even match of electrons to protons for an electrically neutral atom to a negative ion-atom if an extra electron is added, or a positive ion-atom if an electron is missing.
Now my bottom line question: how could nature construct itself to make such a marvelous and perfect constitution?
To construct everything in the universe to be based on such a foundation of minor changes in atomic structure resulting in widely differing types of matter. Just adding one proton to an atomic nucleus can change the resulting element from a gas to a metal. Wow!
Well, that is the way our universe operates, and this is way beyond any accidental assembly of nature. Think about this. The kind of super-intelligence and super-creative power that was required to put it all together vastly exceeds our understanding. At the very least, it leaves us awe-struck. And it all works perfectly!" CEH
Colossians 1:16
"Chemists have a scheme called the periodic table of the elements. The elements populate the table lined up by their atomic number which is the number of protons in the nucleus.
They are grouped into rows, and the vertical columns across the rows contain elements of similar characteristics. The column may be noble gases (column 0), reactive metals (column 1), other metals, non-metals (column 4 and up), and reactive gasses (column 7).
It turns out that there is a physical basis for the table, and this has to do with the electron shell of the atom.
The first shell, the so-called K shell can accommodate only two electrons, so only the first two elements have only a K-shell, hydrogen (one electron) and helium (two electrons).
The next element has three protons and therefore three electrons, and then the next shell is needed for the third electron.
The next shell is called the L-shell and can accommodate eight electrons. That shell is progressively filled with electrons until there are eight and then it is full. This corresponds to the second row of the table with elements three to ten, the latter having ten electrons with two in the K shell and eight in the L-shell.
Add one more proton making eleven now, a new shell is again added, the L-shell, which can accommodate up to eight more electrons. Atomic number eleven gives us the metal: sodium. And the process continues as you move up the scale of adding to the size of the nucleus. I should mention at this point there has been no mention of adding neutrons in addition to protons. Adding neutrons affects the atomic weight, but not the basic nature of the element.
Electrons have always spun, since they were each created. What keeps them going? That is original perpetual motion! The chart showing electron shells is:
Now let me point out some interesting features that these two tables show. First, looking at the periodic table with its rows and columns, if you look at the columns all the elements in the column have pretty much similar characteristics. For example, column 0 starts with the noble gas helium and the rest of the boxes going down with neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon are also noble gasses.
Then column 1 starting with lithium and going down are pretty much reactive metals. This column starts with lithium, then sodium (reacts strongly with even water), potassium (reacts so strongly with water that it bursts into flame), then rubidium, cesium and then francium.
Column 2 starting with beryllium is all reactive metals including magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and then radium.
Column 3 has more metals starting with boron, then aluminum, selenium, yttrium, lanthanum, and actinium. Actually Column 3 starts the transition from metals to non-metals called metalloids with boron, then diagonally to silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, and polonium.
Something interesting happens. Between columns 4 and 5, several rows down the table 14 elements show up called the rare earth metals, and just below these are nine elements called the uranium metals.
*Note that the left side of the periodic table contains elements called metals. The right side are non-metals.
The non-metals are from Column IV with familiar carbon, the source of all life, and moving across to nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, etc.
Now think about this: what makes the vertical columns is the addition of additional shells to contain more electrons as protons are added.
Let’s look at Column 1. All the newly added shells (above shells which are completely filled with electrons) have just one electron position. This gives each element metallic properties.
Column 2 now has the second electron position available, and everything in this column still has metallic properties.
As you move across the table to the right, each column has progressively one more electron position available, and moving down each column we see that each element has similar properties. How does this happen?
The thing that gives each element its unique characteristic is the number of protons in the nucleus. The number of electrons surrounding each nucleus can vary, from an even match of electrons to protons for an electrically neutral atom to a negative ion-atom if an extra electron is added, or a positive ion-atom if an electron is missing.
Now my bottom line question: how could nature construct itself to make such a marvelous and perfect constitution?
To construct everything in the universe to be based on such a foundation of minor changes in atomic structure resulting in widely differing types of matter. Just adding one proton to an atomic nucleus can change the resulting element from a gas to a metal. Wow!
Well, that is the way our universe operates, and this is way beyond any accidental assembly of nature. Think about this. The kind of super-intelligence and super-creative power that was required to put it all together vastly exceeds our understanding. At the very least, it leaves us awe-struck. And it all works perfectly!" CEH
