For by him were all things created, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible,...
Colossians 1:16
"Quasiparticles are kind of particles. Barred entry from the exclusive club of 17 “fundamental” particles
that are thought to be the building blocks of all material reality,
quasiparticles emerge out of the complicated interactions between huge
numbers of those fundamental particles.
Physicists can take a solid,
liquid or plasma made of a vast number of particles, subject it to
extreme temperatures and pressures, and describe the resulting system as
a few robust, particlelike entities. The emerging quasiparticles can be
quite stable with well-defined properties like mass and charge.
Polarons, for instance, push and pull between each electron and all the particles in its
environment “dress” the electron so that it acts like a quasiparticle
with a larger mass...... the quasiparticle zoo has grown quickly and become more and more
exotic. “It really is a towering intellectual achievement,” said
Natelson.
Recent discoveries include pi-tons, immovable fractons and warped wrinklons. “We now think about quasiparticles with properties that we never really dreamt of before,” said Steve Simon.
One of the earliest quasiparticles discovered was a “hole”: simply the
absence of an electron in a place where one should exist. Physicists in
the 1940s discovered that holes hop around inside solids like positively
charged particles. Weirder still — and potentially very useful — are
hypothesized Majorana quasiparticles, which have a split personality:
They are half an electron and half a hole at the same time. “It’s such a
crazy thing,” Das Sarma said.
Their unusual composition endows them with zero energy and zero charge,
and this theoretically allows them to exist deep inside a certain type
of superconductor, a material that conducts electricity without
resistance. No other particles can exist there, creating a “gap” that
makes it impossible for the Majorana to decay. “The superconducting gap
protects the Majorana,” said Das Sarma.
The growing quasiparticle zoo, with its array of unusual characters,
offers physicists a toolkit with which they can build analogues of other
systems that are hard or impossible to access, such as black holes.
Verresen’s research described how they theoretically modeled decaying
quasiparticles and then gradually cranked up the strength of the
interactions between them to see what happened.
At first the
quasiparticles decayed more quickly, as expected. But then — to
Verresen’s surprise — when the strength of the interaction became very
strong, the quasiparticles bounced back. “Suddenly you have a
quasiparticle again that’s infinitely long-lived,” he said."
Quanta/ThomasLewton