For by him were all things created,... Colossians 1:16
"Proposed pathway between intestinal glycerophospholipid production and
memory enhancement: based on metagenomic and metabolomic analyses, Li et al. suggest that
---increased levels of Lactobacillus apis
(and other Firm-5 species which similarly contain many genes for the
PTS sugar transport pathway)
---will cause increased sugar metabolism,
---which will lead to the production of more glycerophospholipids; these
glycerophospholipids
---are then transported into the hindgut
---and are
rapidly secreted into the hemolymph (perhaps helped by an increase in
mGlu2 receptors);
---they are transported to the brain via the bee’s open
circulatory system, with attached metabolites, leading to improved
structure and function of neural and synaptic membranes, thereby
promoting better memory.
Purple shapes: genes that positively correlated
with long-term memory; rectangles: genes found in all three analyses
(analyses based on genes mapped to the whole gut microbiota, Firm-5 and Lactobacillus apis).
Ovals: genes found in whole gut microbiota and Firm-5 analyses. Rounded
rectangles: remaining memory-correlated genes.
Gray shapes: genes which
did not correlate with long-term memory. Blue arrows: sugar metabolism.
Red arrows: glycerophospholipid metabolism.
Purple arrows: the increase
or decrease of metabolites after Lactobacillus apis supplementation." SciNews