And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, ... Genesis 1:11
The article below illustrates how GENES work for genetic variation within a kind. In this particular case it they use plants.
THE KEY to this is that the GENES ALREADY HAVE TO EXIST. Hence, NO Darwinian evolution required. If we use corn as an example the corn stays corn--just with much - or little variation.
Both within nature and human intervention can play a role.
The application to humans would be the Bottleneck being the Flood. And any local such Bottlenecks since then to pass through for more localized populations-whether nature caused or man made (like war and genocide).
Now try to imagine all the genetic variation lost by passing through the Bottleneck of the flood.
For instance were there humans with other eye colors who didn't pass through the Bottleneck and as a result those Genes are Lost? How about hair colors?.....and the list could go on...
"In December 2006, researchers John Doebley, Brandon Gaut, and Bruce Smith summarized much of what we currently know about the genes important in crop domestication and highlighted two basic approaches for identifying them:
----plant-down and gene-up.
In the plant-down approach, researchers start with the phenotype — the physical features — of the plant and pick out traits that seem likely candidates for selection: rows of kernels per ear, number of ears per plant, etc. The researchers then look for associations between particular traits and particular sequences in the genome: if a trait and a sequence always seem to show up in the same plant, the gene sequence likely encodes that trait.
The gene-up approach, however, relies on an understanding of how artificial selection works on a population. Wild populations, like teosinte, have a lot of genetic variation — there are many different versions of many different genes in the population. When humans start to domesticate that plant, they begin with a small subset of the wild population.
Since so few individuals are chosen as the founding fathers of the would-be crop plant, many of the gene versions present in the original wild population are not represented in the subset of the population beginning the process of domestication.
It's a bit like getting candy out of a gumball machine:
---the machine (i.e., the wild population) might have a great variety of gumball colors, but if you only get five pieces of gum (i.e., the starting population for the crop), you are unlikely to sample the full variety of gum colors.
In genetics, this situation is called a bottleneck and it causes a large reduction in genetic variation for the incipient crop.
Because of this bottleneck, all the genes in the crop population, will tend to have less genetic variation that their counterparts in the wild population.
However, the situation is even more extreme for the genes that are targeted for artificial selection. For these genes, ancient people only allowed plants carrying desirable gene versions to reproduce. This is a bit like going to the gumball machine when you only like cherry-flavored gum: you might reject many pieces of gum based on their color and will wind up with a handful of gumballs with very little variety."
UE
The article below illustrates how GENES work for genetic variation within a kind. In this particular case it they use plants.
THE KEY to this is that the GENES ALREADY HAVE TO EXIST. Hence, NO Darwinian evolution required. If we use corn as an example the corn stays corn--just with much - or little variation.
Both within nature and human intervention can play a role.
The application to humans would be the Bottleneck being the Flood. And any local such Bottlenecks since then to pass through for more localized populations-whether nature caused or man made (like war and genocide).
Now try to imagine all the genetic variation lost by passing through the Bottleneck of the flood.
For instance were there humans with other eye colors who didn't pass through the Bottleneck and as a result those Genes are Lost? How about hair colors?.....and the list could go on...
"In December 2006, researchers John Doebley, Brandon Gaut, and Bruce Smith summarized much of what we currently know about the genes important in crop domestication and highlighted two basic approaches for identifying them:
----plant-down and gene-up.
In the plant-down approach, researchers start with the phenotype — the physical features — of the plant and pick out traits that seem likely candidates for selection: rows of kernels per ear, number of ears per plant, etc. The researchers then look for associations between particular traits and particular sequences in the genome: if a trait and a sequence always seem to show up in the same plant, the gene sequence likely encodes that trait.
The gene-up approach, however, relies on an understanding of how artificial selection works on a population. Wild populations, like teosinte, have a lot of genetic variation — there are many different versions of many different genes in the population. When humans start to domesticate that plant, they begin with a small subset of the wild population.
Since so few individuals are chosen as the founding fathers of the would-be crop plant, many of the gene versions present in the original wild population are not represented in the subset of the population beginning the process of domestication.
It's a bit like getting candy out of a gumball machine:
---the machine (i.e., the wild population) might have a great variety of gumball colors, but if you only get five pieces of gum (i.e., the starting population for the crop), you are unlikely to sample the full variety of gum colors.
In genetics, this situation is called a bottleneck and it causes a large reduction in genetic variation for the incipient crop.
Because of this bottleneck, all the genes in the crop population, will tend to have less genetic variation that their counterparts in the wild population.
However, the situation is even more extreme for the genes that are targeted for artificial selection. For these genes, ancient people only allowed plants carrying desirable gene versions to reproduce. This is a bit like going to the gumball machine when you only like cherry-flavored gum: you might reject many pieces of gum based on their color and will wind up with a handful of gumballs with very little variety."
UE