Friday, April 11, 2014

ARCHAEOLOGY: Peruvian Coast


Therefore is the name of it called Babel;

because the LORD did there confound the language of all the earth:

and from thence did the LORD
scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.

Genesis 11:9
"The Norte Chico region 200 miles north of Lima on the Peruvian coast has yielded the earliest known evidence of a complexly organized society in the Andean region.
.....this civilization lacked both an grain food staple and pottery, traits usually found with early sedentary civilizations. Yet the society developed monumental architecture, in the form of large platform mounds and circular structures, based on a mixed economy of  irrigation -based agriculture and marine foods from the nearby coast.
The mound complexes were first dated at Caral, a site in the Norte Chico region, from plant materials recovered by Ruth Shady Solis, a Peruvian archaeologist who has surveyed the region for years and has recorded numerous monumental platoforms. Shady Solis published early dates of about 2700 BC for the early mound levels, in a 2001 paper in the journal Science co-authored by Haas and Creamer." AthenaReview


"The Norte Chico civilization (also Caral or Caral-Supe civilization) was a complex pre-Columbian society that included as many as 30 major population centers in what is now the Norte Chico region of north-central coastal Peru. Since the early 21st century, it has been established as the oldest known civilization in the Americas and one of the six sites where civilization separately originated in the
ancient world. It flourished between the 30th century BC and the 18th century BC.
Archaeological evidence suggests use of textile technology and, possibly, the worship of common god symbols, both of which recur in pre-Columbian Andean cultures. Sophisticated government is assumed to have been required to manage the ancient Norte Chico.
Circa 1800 BC, the Norte Chico civilization began to decline, with more powerful centers appearing to the south and north along the coast, and to the east inside the belt of the Andes. Norte Chico's success at irrigation-based agriculture may have contributed to its being eclipsed. One researcher notes that "when this civilization is in decline, we begin to find extensive canals farther north. People were moving to more fertile ground and taking their knowledge of irrigation with them." It would be a thousand years before the rise of the next great Peruvian culture, the ChavĂ­n.
Construction areas show possible evidence of feasting, which would have included music and likely alcohol, suggesting an elite able to both mobilize and reward the population.
The evidence of the development of complex government in the absence of warfare is in marked contrast to archaeological theory, which suggests that human beings move away from kin-based groups to larger units resembling "states" for mutual defense of often scarce resources. A vital resource was present: arable land generally, and the cotton crop specifically, but the move to greater complexity was apparently not driven by the need for defense or warfare." Wikipedia

"There is not much evidence of religion in the anicent society of Norte Chico. There is, however, evidence of early images of the Staff God. The Staff God is a major deity of later Andean civilizations."  EgyptVerseNorteChico   "Worshiped as the creator, the Staff God appears in temples and artifacts throughout Andean cultures spanning thousands of years. The Staff God is recognizable by its fangs, splayed feet, and snake iconography. It is usually drawn with a staff in one or both of its hands and with snakes on a belt, on its hands, or coming out of its head." AmericasMagazine

1) As one of the original 6 sites where civilization popped up in the ancient world - it is likely these were settlers just a few generations - if that - after Babel who migrated into the western hemisphere & headed down the western coast to modern Peru.
2) They obviously still had their advanced knowledge for civilization fresh in their memory.
3) Of course they were not originally driven by a need for defense from warfare. If they were a coherent, related group---and the first and only humans there--who would they need defense from, other than animals?